Environmental Degradation and River Rejuvenation

Abstract

The first quarter of the 21st century has been defined by escalating environmental catastrophes—climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss—driven by fossil-fuel dependency and “K-shaped” economic inequality. While global efforts primarily focus on emission reduction, carbon sequestration through river rejuvenation offers a vital nature-based solution. This study critically examines India’s Detailed Project Report (DPR-2022), arguing that its emphasis on 13 major rivers overlooks the ecological and carbon-sink potential of hundreds of smaller rivers and tributaries.

By focusing on West Bengal’s vital streams, such as the Buriganga, Anjana and Marali, this empirical research explores a dual-purpose framework: restoring healthy riverine ecosystems to act as natural buffers and leveraging rejuvenation to stimulate rural and peri-urban livelihoods. By integrating local ecology with economic stability, the study assesses how small-river restoration can mitigate climate change while effectively curbing distress migration to urban centres.