Evaluating the efficacy of the plantation labour act, 1951: a study on tea plantation in the parts of North Bengal

Abstract

This research paper investigates the effectiveness of the Plantation Labour Act (PL4), 1951, in safeguarding the welfare and regulating the working conditions of tea plantation workers in North Bengal, India. Despite its enactment over seven decades ago with the noble intention of providing statutory facilities and protecting the interests of plantation labourers, persistent challenges related to health, living conditions, economic stability, and overall welfare continue to plague the workforce. This study addresses a critical research gap by empirically examining the implementation status and perceived effectiveness of specific provisions of the PLA, 1951, from the perspectives of both tea workers and estate managers i Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri Districts. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, combining secondary data from existing literature and primary data collected through surveys and interviews with 225 tea workers and 12 managers across 12 tea gardens, the research provides a comprehensive assessment. Preliminary findings indicate a significant disparity between the legislative mandates and their on-ground implementation, particularly concerning housing drinking water, canteens, and child employment provisions. The study highlights structural anomalies within the Act and challenges in its enforcement, contributing to the continued vulnerability of tea workers. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy amendments and enhanced stakeholder collaboration to ensure the PLA, 1951, genuinely uplifts the socio-economic status and quality of life for tea plantation workers in North Bengal.