NBU Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 06, No. 01
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4440
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Item Open Access A homology model of 16s rRNA tertiary structure of Frankia(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Saha, S.; Sur, S.; Bothra, A.; Sen, A.Tertiary structure determination of biomolecule is important for knowing their function. Although different experimental prediction methods are present computational approach has an important role. Frankia sp., is a nitrogen fixing bacterium promoting soil fertility.16S ribosomal nucleic acid molecule is not only important as a molecular signature for classification and identification of organisms but has a great impact on protein synthesis. Here we have developed 3D structure of 16S rRNA of three different strains of Frankia viz Frankia sp. strain HFPCc13, Frankia alni strain ACN14a and Frankia sp. strain EAN1pec through knowledge based coarsed to atomic approach. The occurrence of tertiary structural motifs like C- loop. E-loop. GNRA tetraloop, hook-turn, sarcin-ricin motif, K-turn, reverse K-turn were examined. The presence of such sort of motif stabilizes the complexed RNA structures through their Watson-Crick, Non- Watson Crick, tandem sheared stacking packages. Among them E-loop, K-turn, sarcin-ricin motif have significant functional importance for transporting the biomolecules, RNA-protein interaction, RNA-RNA interaction/RNA-drug interaction accordingly.Item Open Access Efficiency and effectiveness of physical and chemical mutagens in Trigonella foenum graecum L(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Rajkumari, Jinu DeviTrigonella foemum graecum L was utilized to study the Chlorophyll mutations, mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness by physical mutagen gamma rays and chemical mutagen EMS. The frequency of chlorophyll mutation in M1 & M2 generation were more in gamma treated plants but the mutation spectra and mutagenic efficiency of EMS was higher than gamma. The most efficient mutagens were 0. 02% EMS, 0.06% EMS and 3KR gamma radiation to induce mutation in T. foenum graceum L.Item Open Access Serological and molecular detection of Macrophomina phaseolina, causing root rot of Citrus reticulata(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Chakraborty, B.N.; Chakraborty, U.; Rai, K.; Sunar, K.; Dey, P.L.Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) were raised against mycelial antigens of Macrophomina phaseolina a causal organism of root rot disease of mandarin plants. IgG was purified and further packaged into immunological formats such as immuno diffusion, Plate trapped antigen (PTA)-ELISA, dot immunobinding assay, Western blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence for quick and accurate detection of pathogen from soil. Indirect staining of mycelia and sclerotia of M. phaseolina with homologous PAb and labeling with goat antirabbit IgG conjugated with FITC developed strong fluorescence in young hyphal tips and sclerotia of M. phaseolina. Genomic DNA prepared from mycelia of M. phaseolina was purified and PCR amplification of 18S rDNA was done using ITS region specific primer pair. The amplified DNA was sequenced and aligned against ex-type strain sequences from NCBI GenBank using BLAST and phylogenetic analysis was obtained using MEGA4 software. Amplification of ITSI region of the rDNA can be considered as a rapid technique for identifying pathogens successfully in all cases.Item Open Access Responses of Zn and Cd treatment in soybean and fenugreek(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Aery, NC; Sarkar, SThe effect of various doses of' zinc and cadmium on morpho-anatomical and physiological parameters of soybean and fenugreek was studied. High concentrations of both Zn as well as Cd resulted in chlorosis, necrosis, retardation of growth and reduction in leaflet size especially in soybean. A characteristic symptom was the formation of a red-brown pigment in the leaves, stem and roots. An increase in the phenolic contents was also observed with increasing Cd doses. The reasons for the formation of pigment have been explored.Item Open Access ROS production, H2O2 detection and biochemical characterization of water stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Pradhan, B.; Chakraborty, U.One month old plant of four varieties (MW, KD, GY and GN) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was taken and subjected to water stress for 3, 6 and 9 days. RWC was found to be higher in case of GY and KD when compared to MW and GY. There was an initial enhancement in the activities of all five tested antioxidative enzymes- peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase in K and GN varieties, while in MW and GY, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase showed a decline at all periods of water stress. Peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased even on 9th day of stress in K and GN, but all other activities showed a decline after 3 days of stress. The accumulation of H202, showed an increase with increasing days of water stress but in K and GN there was a decline during prolonged water stress. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly which was higher in case of MW and GY. With increase in the duration of water stress proline, phenol and ascorbate content increased. Higher values of MSI and total antioxidant were observed in the cultivar KD and GY with increase in the severity of water stress than in MW and GY. After an initial enhancement the content of carotenoid increased followed by a decline. Total chlorophylls showed a general decline during water stress, but the ratio of chla/b showed an initial increase in the 3rd day of water stress which declined during the latter stages of water stress. Results of the present study indicate that two of the varieties- MW and GY are susceptible to water stress, while the other two-K and GN is tolerant.Item Open Access Evaluation of genetic variation among three species of Allium on the basis of karyomorphology and SDS-PAGE profiling(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Roy, Subhas Chandra; Bhutia, Tshering ODetermining the base number, ploidy level and type of ploidy are important aspects in the cytogenetic study of a species. Genetic variation among the three species of the genus Allium (A. cepa, A. sativum and A. hookeri) has been carried out on the bases of chromosomal karyotype and protein banding patterns on SDS-PAGE. Protein profiling was prepared from the observed bands on SDS-PAGE after electrophoresis and staining with coomassie brilliant blue. Shoot protein was extracted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and run on gel for 3 hours at 20 mA constant current. Band numbers were varies from 31 to 39 in different position on the gel according to their Rf value. Bands were scored as binary data and computed in MVSP software for dendrogram analysis to examine their genetic relationship using Jaccard's coefficient. Three species were grouped into three distinct clusters in the dendrogram. Species cepa and sativum was grouped at the similarity coefficient value of 0.53 and species hookeri was placed in separate group at coefficient level of 0.40. Genetic variation was also examined on the basis of PCA analysis. The number of chromosome were found to be present 16 in Allium cepa,16 in Allium sativum, and 22 in Allium hookeri. The shortest chromosome in Allium cepa was 8.75(μm) and the longest one was 23.12(μm) with the ratio of shortest/longest chromosome of 0.37, the mean chromosome length of 15.23(μm) and a mean centromeric index of 0.16%. The shortest chromosome in Allium sativum was 10.62(μm) and the longest one was 30.0 (μm) with the ratio of shortest/longest chromosome of 0.35, the mean chromosome length of 17.41(μm) and a mean centromeric index of 0.60%. The shortest chromosome in Allium hookeri was 5.62 (μm) with the ratio of shortest/longest chromosome of 0.21, the mean chromosome length of 16.58(μm) and the mean centromeric index of 0.46%. Allium hookeri is considered to be much more advanced than the rest of the species (Allium sativum, and Allium cepa) because karyotype of the A. hookeri was ranges from submediam to telocentric chromosome, which is evolutionarily advance characters.Item Open Access In-vitro free radical scavenging activities of the leaves of Malva verticillara L(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Chhetri, P.K.; Mandal, P.Antioxidants act as major defense against radical-mediated toxicity by protecting against the damages caused by free-radicals. Research on herbal products are increasingly focused on their effects on scavenging of different newly generated free-radical species and associated oxidative stress mediated complications on human health, but there are unexpectedly few studies evaluating the bioactivity of edible leafy vegetables of North Bengal, India. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant potential of methanol extract and aqueous decoction of Malva verticillata L. [MV] leaves, consumed by local people of North Bengal. Extracts of leaves were analyzed for in vitro free radical scavenging capacity, the total phenol and flavonoid content and preliminary phytochemical analysis. The antioxidant property was estimated using reducing power, superoxide radical scavenging activity and DPPH assays. Methanol extract of leaves were found to be effective in DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity when compared with aqueous decoction of MV. Overall strong correlation between the mean values of total phenol content and IC50 values of DPPH and superoxide free radical scavenging capacity was observed. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that phenolic functional groups and reducing potential of methanol and aqueous extracts were mostly contributed for their antioxidant capacity. The present study revealed that methanol extract of the leaves of MV comprise effective source of natural antioxidants, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress induced diseases.Item Open Access Root colonization of mandarin plants grown in orchards of Darjeeling hills and plains with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their effects on plant growth(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Allay, S.; De, U.K.; Chakraborty, B.N.Citrus reticulata is an ancient commercial crop being cultivated in Darjeeling-Sikkim hills. Many diseases are prevalent in mandarin plants, out of them, bacterial & fungal diseases are mostly dangerous. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi were screened from rhizosphere of mandarin plants from the four different regions using wet sieving and decanting method. Microscopical observation revealed the presence of different genus of AM fungi present in the root as hyphae, spores and sporocarp. Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum, G. aggregatum, G. badium. G. constrictum, G. versiforme, Gigaspora gigantea, G. margarita, Acaulospora capsicula, A. bireticulata, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora rubra were found to be dominant in all the soil samples of mandarin. Species of Glomus were found to be high in both hilly and foothill regions. Glomus mosseae and G. fasciculatum were selected for mass multiplication in maize plant in pots. Histopathological study of root showed the presence of vesicles and arbuscules. AMF infection and total number of spores per 100 gram of soil were recorded. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of AMF spores of mandarin revealed clear morphology, spore wall characters and hyphal attachment of spores. Total phosphate content of the soil, soil analysis and enzyme activities in roots and leaves of mandarin plant from the different regions were studied. Three major defense enzymes peroxidase, chitinase and β- 1,3- glucanase showed enhanced activities and the total phosphate content also decreased in soil with respect to control. Present study evaluates the effect of AMF in plant growth and phosphate solubilization.Item Open Access Polyethylene glycol induced water stress in maize seedlings and evaluation of antioxidant defense mechanisms(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Lama, R.; Chakraborty, U.Maize is one such crop, the production of which is highly challenged due to water shortage and soil water losses. The present study was undertaken on artificially induced water stress of maize in vitro, where stress was applied with PEG-6000 on one week old seedlings of four varieties BN 10, Dhanya. Kaveri-Super 244, and Swarna for 3, 5 and 7 days. The activity of antioxidative enzyme like peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase was assayed in the stressed and control plants. Peroxidase activity decreased on the 7th day in Dhanya and Swarna but in BN 101 and Super 244 the activity decreased slightly on the 5th day and increased again on the 7th day. Ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase showed a similar trend where the activity decreased after a certain period of stress. Similar trend was seen for GR activity too in case of Dhanya and Swarna. But in BN 101 and Super 244 there was an increase in the activity with the increase in the period of stress. Catalase activity declined during stress in Dhanya and Swarna while the other two varieties showed an increase during stress. Other than enzymatic activities, various biochemical analyses like proline, ascorbate, chlorophyll was also carried out. With the increase in intensity of drought there was an increase in both proline and ascorbate content in all. A significant increase in the ascorbate content was observed in BN 101 and super 244, H202, accumulation and lipid peroxidation showed an increase during stress in Dhanya and Swarna but no increase was seen in the other two varieties. Chlorophyll content showed a decline during the period of drought when compared to the control plants of all varieties. Enzymatic activity and biochemical tests show that Dhanya and Swarna are susceptible to drought stress than super 244 and BN 101 which are the tolerant varieties.Item Open Access Bacteriological quality of Mirik lake waters, Darjeeling district, West Bengal(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Sharma, B.C.; Rai, B.; Kalikotay, S.; Tamang, B.; Rai, R.A study was conducted on Mirik Lake to assess the bacteriological quality of the lake water during the period of March 2009 through February 2010. Water samples were collected from five different sites of the lake and analysed for bacteriological study to enumerate the seasonal distribution of total bacterial count, total coliform, faecal coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci. Total heterotrophic bacterial count per 100 ml (cfu/100 ml) was found to be 0.2x106-0.3x106 in monsoon, 1.0 x 106-6.7 x106 in summer and 4.75 x 106 - 10 x 106 in winter. The range of total coliform was observed to be 1100 - 1750 / 100 ml, 1100 - 2400/ 100 ml and 1750 - 2400 /100 ml in winter, summer and monsoon seasons, respectively. Faecal coliform was recorded to be 49 - 1245 / 100 ml in winter, 1320 - 2400 /100 in summer and 780 - 2400 / 100 ml in monsoon. The range of faecal streptococci was found to be 43-125 /100 ml in winter, 87-1100/100 ml in summer and 87 - 1340 /100 ml in monsoon. The study indicated that the lake water was polluted by faecal contaminants of human origin to the extent that water was unsafe to be used for domestic as well as recreational purposes, also the total bacterial load exceeded the standard prescribed level (WHO, 1983) and both parameters showed variation according to the sampling sites and season.