Effects of Automobile Emission on Morphology and Anatomy of the Mangifera indica L. Fruit Tree at District Samastipur, Bihar, India

Abstract

Automobile transportation has been strongly associated with air pollution throughout various stages, like driving, fueling, production, and disposal. The emissions released from vehicle exhaust contain substantial quantities of detrimental gases, including carbon compounds, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter. The reduced fertility of plants is a consequence of intense air pollution. The toxic gases emitted from vehicles endanger plants and cause changes in the physical and structural development of the Mangifera indica L. tree. This study aimed to explore the harmful effects of vehicle emissions on the physical structure and anatomy of Mango trees in the Samastipur district of Bihar, India. The experiment was based on the comparative study of under one year examination (2021-2022). Polluted and non-polluted sites were chosen and study was done. The result indicated that the automobile air pollution was hindering the healthy growth of Mangifera indica L.