NBU Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 08, No. 01
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4463
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Item Open Access Structural and functional role of salt glands of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel) under salinity stress(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Roy, S.; Chakraborty, U.Salt glands in Poaceae are often found in the Panicoid and Chloridoid grasses. Imperata cylindrica is a perennial panicoid grass with widespread distribution from non-saline to saline habitats. The efficient mechanism of salt gland is an essential property of the salt tolerance of any plant. Salt glands in Imperata are present and actively function to remove the toxic Na+ ion from the cytoplasm of the mesophyll cells. SEM study reveal the presence of salt glands in both control and NaCl treated plants (200 mM NaCl for 3 days), but the density of salt glands is more in NaCl treated leaf samples. Also the vacuolarization of the cells is an important attribute for the sequestration of excess Na+ ion. The concerted activity of these two mechanisms in Imperata is important for maintaining osmotic balance inside the cells. The time dependent lowering of H202 and O2 and increased accumulation of proline under NaCl stress was also observed in Imperata. This accounts for a favourable environment for other biological processes to occur. Also the lower electrolyte leakage and membrane lipid peroxidation accounts for hassle free functioning of salt glands under NaCl stress.Item Open Access Antioxidant Potential of Canna: an overview(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Mishra, Tanmayee; Sen, ArnabCanna, the solitary genus of the family Cannaceae and order Zingiberales, comprises of about 51 species of flowering plants. Canna species are native of South America but with the course of time they have been distributed throughout the world. It is an important plant not only from the ornamental point of view but also it is an important plant for starch production as well as its medicinal values. From the primitive time, village people commonly use Canna as herbal medicines in their daily dealings. Different plant parts like rhizome and leaves of Canna have been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, fever, hypertension, diabetes, menstrual disorders, malaria etc. Phytochemicals with high antioxidant activities reported from the members of genus Canna. Moreover, isolation and identification of chemical compounds shows the presence of derivatives of polysaccharide, anthocyanin and phenylpropanoid compounds. The present study reflects a comprehensive review on biological activities of Canna species with special reference to some other members of Zingiberales.Item Open Access Deterioration of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Seven Taruls Through Boiling(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Ghosal, Mitali; Kalwar, Premlata; Mandal, PalashThe underground edible rhizomes and tubers are commonly known as "Taruls' in Darjeeling Himalaya and are mostly available during winter season. These vegetables are consumed as raw or processed through boiling for making them more palatable by local people of Darjeeling Himalaya. The methanolic extracts of raw and boiled (ten minutes) taruls were screened for their in vitro antioxidant potential by DPPH and ABTS' free-radicals, reducing power, metal chelating. nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and anti-lipid peroxidation assays along with measuring in vitro antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibition. Our present study demonstrated that in majority of experimental assays, the performance of Dioscorea alata (ghar tarul) was best followed by Ipomoea batatas (red and white cultivar of sakarkanda) and D. hamiltonii (ban tarul), which showed stronger free-radical scavenging activity, high degree of different polyphenol content as well as antidiabetic capacity except for the iron-induced metal chelation where Sechium edule (squash-jara) was excellent performer. Therefore it can be stated that the extracts of different taruls might help in preventing or slowing the progress of various oxidative stress induced diseases. Our study also showed that in every antioxidant assays the scavenging activity reduced with boiling. As boiling decreases bioactive potency, it can be suggested that some alternative strategies should be developed during post-processing through which valuable phytochemicals of taruls might be preserved.Item Open Access Mass Propagation of an epiphytic orchid Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) through in vitro seed germination(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Roy, Subhas ChandraA method of in vitro propagation of a medicinally important epiphytic orchid of NBU campus Acampe papillosa has been developed. Three different categories of media (1/2 MS, MS and Knudson C) were used for in vitro asymbiotic seed germination for conservation and commercial uses. Seed germination was observed in all the media without any growth supplement or additives although not efficiently. Seeds showed positive germination response in all the three media but the frequency and onset of germination, protocorm formation and associated morphogenic changes leading to plantlets establishment varied with the nature of additional growth stimulus. Different concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinins were used to enhance the germination and seedling development. The different concentration of coconut water (CW) was used as additive supplement in this study and 15% CW showed good germination within 22 days in KnC medium. Various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators BAP (1mg l-1 to 4 mg l-1), NAA (0.5 mg l-1 to 2 mg l-1) and IBA (0.5 mg l-1 to 2 mg l-1) were added into the three categories of media as growth stimulants. The induction of PLBs was observed in the absence of any exogenous supply of PGRs, but the addition of BAP (4 mg l-1) with KnC medium improved the shoot growth significantly and enhanced the PLBs development (95% efficiency) with highest shoot length (2.5 cm) after six months of culture. Minimum number of days was required for seedling development (148 days) when cultured into the KnC medium supplement with combinations of BAP (4 mg l-1) and IBA (2 mg l-1). Addition of small quantity of NAA (0.5 mg l-1to 2 mg l-1) was not improved the PLBs or seedling development in compared to BAP and IBA. Rooting was improved by addition of IBA (0.5 mg l-1 to 2 mg l-1) into the media. High rate of rooting efficiency was recorded when combinations of auxin and cytokinin was used. Frequency of rooting (95%) was studied in KnC medium containing BAP (4 mg l-1) and IBA (2 mg l-1). Seedling of 2.5 cm long with 3-4 leaves were transferred to earthen pot containing wood charcoal and coco peat for acclimatization under green house conditions. Hardened plantlets showed significantly high survival rate (81%) after seven months of transfer. Therefore, the present method of micro-propagation could be used successfully to propagate this important orchid for commercial production and conservation purposes.Item Open Access Morphological characterization of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) of NBU campus (West Bengal) for in situ conservation and germplasm enhancement(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Roy, Subhas Ch.Asian wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff. (Poaceae) is considered as a progenitor of the cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L). lt is a source of many biotic and abiotic stress tolerance genes and these are utilized for genetic improvement of cultivated rice. Thus it needs immediate attention with high priority so that we could not loss this agriculturally important Oryza gene pool. Natural population of Oryza rufipogon in the North Bengal University campus is characterized based on phylogeographic and morphological parameters for conservation purposes. Twenty-five plants were considered randomly to measures twenty-six different types of morphological passport data for genetic relatedness analysis within the population. Diagnostic characters are provided to delineate the species morphologically. Plant is annual ecotype having short to intermediate culms height (64 cm-145 cm), and 0.5- 1.6 cm in thickness. Profuse fibrous roots of 2 mm thick and 3-9 cm long creamy-white in colour grows from the floating nodes, node region is solid and pinkish in colour (5-7 mm long). Flag leaf length ranges from 13 cm-40 cm with 0.3 cm 1.8 cm width. Flag leaf blade attitude is varying from deflexed to horizontal to semierect. Auricle was hard, curved, glabrous and 13-15.5 mm in size. Two-cleft ligule length ranges 17 mm to 35 mm. Panicle length varies from 15.4 cm 30 cm with l cm-8 cm wide with 5-13 primary branches. Attitude ofprimary branches is spreading, well exserted (100%), alternately arranged on the wavy axis. Length of the lemma varies 6-11 mm and 1.4-2.3 mm wide, lemma-awn junction marked by a pinkish pubescent constriction with 23-80 mm long red awn. Yellow colour anthers vary in length 4-8 mm long. Stigma was bifurcated (>2 mm) and purple in colour comes out from the spike lets. Seeds (blackish) are harvested during November-December and vary in length (7.5 mm - 10 mm). Density of fertile spikelets ranges from 15 to 82. Grain length/breadth ratio was 3.73 (average) and average kernel length/breadth ratio was 3.99. The results suggest that the population of NBU campus are genetically diversified, heterogeneous and should be conserved in situ to protect this precious genetic resource as separate ecological race (ecotype or intergrade) for germplasm enhancement.Item Open Access Development of an easy and efficient technique for cultivation of different species of Pleurotus(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Roy, Somnath; Barman, Shibu; Chakraborty, Usha; Chakraborty, BishwanathOyster mushroom is one of the most popular mushrooms in North Bengal and a large number of growers are now cultivating oyster mushroom throughout the year. There are mainly three species of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P florida) which are being cultivated in this region. Out of these three mushrooms, P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju are generally cultivated in summer as it grows in a temperature between 25-33C while P. florida is generally cultivated during winter as it requires 15-20°C for its growth. Bottle cultivation is a technique of mushroom cultivation where it reduces the cost of plastic bags and the plastic bottles can be recycled. Besides plastic bottles, other used laboratory chemical plastic containers were also tested and gave good results.Item Open Access Preliminary sereening of Medicinal plants growing in different habitats of Maldah district of West Bengal, India(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Chowdhury, MonoranjanThe present article is focus on the wild medicinal plants that grown in different habitats of Maldah district of West Bengal. Two year extensive survey in Maldah district resulted in the record of around 281 species of potential medicinal plants.Item Open Access Plant diversity and community structure of Hazar Takia palustrine of central West Bengal, India(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Chowdhury, Monoranjan; Das, A.P.Hazar Takia wetland is one of the largest wetland of West Bengal with diversified floristic composition. Present study recorded 258 specics of vascular plants of 59 families from this wetland. Frequency, abundant, density and species diversity has been determined through the phytosociological analysis. This wetland vegetation is now under various anthropogenic threats against its survival.Item Open Access Effect of Cadmium (Cd) stress on the germination and early seedling growth of Mustard seeds (Brassica campestris L.): deducing a dose - response relationship(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Sarkar, Abhijit; Sengupta, ChandanDue to severe heavy nmetals contamination in agricultural soil worldwide, several studies specifically focused on the development of metal accumulating crop plants, which can maintain their optimum growth and production in contaminated soil. Mustard plants (Brassica campestris L.) are in generally considered as the hyper accumulator, can be grown advantageously for phytoremediation of the lands contaminated by industrial wastes. Therefore, the effect of varied cadmium (Cd) concentrations on the germination and initial growth of mustard seeds were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Results showed a differential response of mustard seeds under varied Cd concentrations. The lower levels of Cd affected the mustard seeds positively or neutrally; but the higher Cd levels showed significant adverse effect. We conclude that as mu_tard being a hyper-accumulator of several metals can only be grown at lower Cd levels for their optimum performance.Item Open Access Physico-chemical analysis of rhizospheric soil, mycorrhizal association and root colonization of Mulberry (Morus alba L) plants grown in Kalimpong hills(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Acharya, A.; Allay, S.; Ram, R. L.; Chakraborty, B. N.Morus alba L, known as white mulberry, is widely cultivated in the hills and its leaves are the major source of food for the silkwoms (Bombya mori L.) employed in the commereial production of silk. The physico-chemical properties of the soil where this plant is cultivated were analysed. The soils analysed had medium to high nitrogen content, but low to medium phosphorus and potash. Since mycorrhizal fungi can help in nutrient mobilization, AMF associated with the rhizosphere of the mulberry tree cultivated in RSRS, Kalimpong were extensively studied in relation to their population in soil, root colonization as well as their diversity. Predominant species of Glomus and few species of Gigaspora was determined. Histo-pathological studies of host roots showed the presence of vesicles and different kind of hyphal network. AMF spores were tried to be identified up to species level with the belp of standard keys. The result indicates that various species of AMF have established successful colonization with the host plant that will further support and help the plant for better growth and development