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Subject: search.filters.subject.Nutrition

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) Reference
    (University of North Bengal, 2016) Sinha, Isita
    Growth is a kind of velocity and measures the rate of change of size over a certain period of time. Growth measurements are taken at regular intervals over a specified period of time. Growth assessment is basically a kind of comparison with a reference normally called a “growth reference”. Without such a reference, growth assessment becomes arbitrary. Until the late 1970s, a number of growth charts were utilized to assess child growth. In the year 1977, the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) published a new set of growth charts for children aged <18 years based on data from the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study and nationally representative surveys. The NCHS later became a part of the Centre for disease control (CDC) in the year 1987. The NCHS growth charts consists of 14 sex specific growth charts and used different indicators like weight-for-age, weight- for- length, length-for-age, head circumference for age stature-forage and weight-for-stature. These curves represent attained size, and do not describe rates of growth as might be represented in incremental or longitudinal growth charts. It utilizes per centile rankings to describe the relative size of a given child. The main advantage of NCHS reference is that the data was based on current and high quality growth data as well as on the most recent advances in data processing and analysis.
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    The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS)
    (University of North Bengal, 2016) Debnath, Sampriti
    The World Health Organization (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) (1997-2003) was a community-based, multi-country project in collaboration with other institutions to formulate new growth references for infants and young children. This study was a combination of a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study. The subjects had favourable socio-economic conditions to grow with low mobility. Other inclusion criteria were absence of health or environmental constraints on growth, absence of maternal smoking and breast fed children and adherence to the feeding recommendations by MGRS. Data was collected from 8,500 children from Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the United States of America. This study has published the standards which describe how healthy children should grow under optimal health and environmental condition. The growth charts formulated by the MGRS study are also known as WHO growth charts. The standards formulated by this study which are applicable to all the children worldwide irrespective of ethnicity, feeding practices and environmental diversity.
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    Analysis of Early Childhood Development in India
    (University of North Bengal, 2020-09) Laskar, Salma Begum; Kumar, Umesh
    The early childhood development is basically the development of right of children from zero to six years. Almost 90% of the brain develops during the age of 5 years. The development of child includes the physical, emotional, social, psychological and the like which are required to have a good and healthy life. If these developments will not take place during the initial years, a person’s life will have risk of impaired growth and development. Children during their early childhood shall be given adequate nutrition for their growth, health care facilities regularly like vaccination etc, care and protection and play and learning. If a child receives proper favorable inputs of healthy life, he will grow and prosper in life and if a child receives unfavorable environment, he will be burden to society and the state will have to bear his responsibility throughout his life. Children are the future of our nation and it is the duty of the citizen to give them their required input to have healthy life. The Central as well as the State government initiated several times various policies and schemes to meet the challenges faced by the children for their proper growth and development. Many international conventions and declarations were made to cope up with the problems faced by children in different corners of the world. The judiciary has also framed guidelines and issued directions protecting the best interest of children.
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    Livelihood challenges and survival strategies of the hill-kharia and mankadiatribes in mayurbhanj district of odisha
    (University of North Bengal, 31-03-2020) Behera, Minaketan; Panigrahi, Kumuda Chandra
    This paper is based on a study on the survival and livelihood challenges of Hill-Kharia and Mankadia tribes (PVTGs) and the impact of welfare schemes in their life in Jashipur and Karanjia blocks of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. The paper reveals that education beyond primary level among these PVTGs is almost absent and their health status is poor, which together, make them vulnerable. These two tribal groups lack basic infrastructural facilities such schools, hospitals, roader, banks, electricity, proper drinking water, communication and transportation. Majority of them are in primitive stage of life, without having a proper house and largely depend upon on forest produce and manual labour for their survival. They spend very less on education and health. Besides, alcohol addiction is the main reason for their poor health and economic condition. The tribal welfare programmers could not achieve the desired results in the life of the Hill-Kharia and Mankadia and many of them are at the bottom of the human development index.