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Item Open Access Great Famine of 1943 and North Bengal: Revisiting its Genesis and its Impact(University of North Bengal, 2021-03) Bhattacharya, DhananjoyMost catastrophic event which took a heavy death-toll in Bengal was the great famine of 1943. It shattered the socio-economic foundations of the then Bengali society. The people of North Bengal also went through this calamity which became very acute in the districts of Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri and Rangpur. Millions of people suffered from hunger, mal-nutrition, epidemics etc. which altogether accelerated the mortality rate during 1943-1944. Their age-old professions were at stake and they lost the capacity to purchase the foodgrains and other essential commodities from the open markets which practically went in the hands of the black marketeers. Peoples’ sufferings were further multiplied with the outbreak of the ‘cloth famine’ at different places of North Bengal. Thus the famine of 1943 dealt a heavy blow on the life and livelihood of the people of North Bengal and led them into an ‘existential crisis’.Item Open Access Health care practices among the tea plantation labourers: a sociological study in the tea gardens of North Bengal(University of North Bengal, 2022-09) Majumder, Taniya BasuIn this modern age Health is a matter of concern to all strata and health care is one of the important aspects of human life. Worldwide mission has been started by World Health Organization (WHO), along with various governments, private as well as non-government organization to develop health care service among the population. But, despite remarkable progress in the field of diagnostics and curative and preventive health still there are disparities in the people’s health among the different strata’s or communities across the country on the basis of socio-economic and socio-demographic construct such as ethnicity, age gender, religion and caste, social class. Different studies show that, the distribution of health resources – practitioners, dispensaries, hospitals, equipment, beds, nurses, ANMs, drugs, etc. – is highly uneven between rural- urban poor - affluent and developed- backward section of populations in India. Earlier the health, or lack of health, was merely judged by the attributes of genetic or biological disorders. But it is the discipline Sociology which has first established the close link between the ethnic traditions, socioeconomic status and cultural beliefs of individuals and spread of diseases. Where medical research might gather statistics on a disease, a sociological perspective of an illness would provide insight on what external factors caused the demographics that contracted the disease to become ill. The sociology of health and illness studies the interaction between society and health. In particular, sociologists examine how social life impacts morbidity and mortality rates and how morbidity and mortality rates impact society. This discipline also looks at health and illness in relation to social institutions such as the family, work, school, and religion as well as epidemiological statistics on the distribution of illness, the causes of disease and illness, reasons for seeking particular types of care, and patient compliance and noncompliance.Therefore, the present paper Health Care Practices of the Tea Plantation Workers in North Bengal attempt to intensively study the working, living and health conditions of the tea plantation workers along with the socio- economic political factors affecting the health situations of workers and the role of the tea garden management and other stake holders from a holistic perspective as a socially produced phenomenon.Item Open Access Bengal Traditional Games And Sports Culture Around In Twentieth-Century North Bengal(University of North Bengal, 2019-03) Roy, Badal; Lama, SudashGames and Sports are an integral part ofthe culture.Traditional games and sportsform the backbone of a community, thus intangible heritage and a symbol ofthe cultural diversity of our societies. It also reflects different cultural expressions that create a bridge among the cultures.This article aims at exploring how children particularly in rural areas of NorthBengal contribute to sports despitethe economically poor but culturally richtradition of the country. They did so to enjoy their leisure with the limited resources available to them like broken bangles, tamarind seeds, and old clothes especially for those who cannot afford to buy expensive goods.Item Open Access Contributions of the Muslims for Creative Writings: A Study on North Bengal with Special Reference to Malda (1835- 1947)(University of North Bengal, 2018-03) Das, Biswajit; Pain, Swapan KumarThe major part of population in few districts of West Bengal especially Malda are the Muslims. In the early phase of colonial period, the Muslims were not able to take the advantage of western education and even they refused to learn English language and as a result of which they lagged behind the Hindus in various types of writing. But the fact is that, they did not lack skills in writing. The number of their writings was relatively small but their contribution to different types of writing was important. They also tried to enhance the writing culture of this region. The present article will focus the historical and literary works of the Muslim writers of North Bengal with special reference to Malda from academic point of view.Item Open Access From Society to Economy : The Ravages of Malaria and North Bengal in the Colonial Period(University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Ghosh, SrabaniMalaria, a life taking disease, frequently used to visit and revisit North Bengal every year. It was one of the oldest diseases of Bengal. It not only took lives of numerous people but the disease also had left enormous impact on social and economic field of North Bengal during the colonial period This paper would focus on certain areas like agriculture and industry which were affected by the recurring occurrence of malaria in Northern part of Bengal. It would also bring to light the impact of malaria on the general people, individual, family and society as a whole. The failure of the formulation and application of health policy was also viewed from recurring occurrence of malaria followed by dreadful death rate throughout North Bengal. The present study also makes an attempt to find out the causes of the disease in North Bengal, especially the immediate causes that contributed towards the outburst of the disease. There are several works on malaria in different parts of India but the study of history of malaria in North Bengal remains unexplored. So this paper would try to fill that gap in the medicinal history of North Bengal.Item Open Access Earthquake, Vulnerability and State: North Bengal in 1897(University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Ghosh, TirthankarThe historical dimensions of the natural disasters or calamities such as - flood, earthquake, cyclone, landslide, etc. form one of the important segments of historical reconstruction of human past and these issues are also increasingly coming to be recognized. with their regional and local variations. Natural disorders not only destroyed lives and property but also disturbed the existed norms of the environment ,by which ecological balance could be restored The distinctiveness of north Bengal in respect of climate, river-influence, rainfall and natural disasters; the behavior of demographic pattern influenced and shaped by the natural calamities along with ratio of mortality or birth and death rates during these calamities displayed certain peculiarities that assert the necessity of historical analysis of these aspects. Historians have, so far, paid little attention to the historical significance of the natural disasters and to the effects of disasters upon societies. Coping with the natural disasters of a particular society depends on the nature of state and its success of providing shelter to the distress. In this background the present article seeks to draw, from historical standpoint the occurrence and consequences of the Earthquake of 1897 which originated in the region of Shillong plateau and affected lives and property in northern part of Bengal and the subsequent measures taken by the colonial Government during and after the events.Item Open Access Role of Central Armed Forces in Combating Cross Border Crimes: A study of Indian legal Framework(University of North Bengal, 2019-09) Choudhury, Joyjit“For to be free is not merely to cast one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects & enhances the freedom of others”. - Nelson Mandela Human trafficking is a criminal offence or a crime against humanity. It is a problem not only in SAARC countries rather it is a global issue. Human trafficking has become a multinational trade, making billions of dollars at the expense of millions and millions of victim, many of them includes young girls and children, who are deprived of their dignity and freedom. The porous border between India, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh and lack of proper law for the implementation to combat human trafficking for sexual exploitation has led to the rise in the rate of trafficking. It has been decades since the SAARC has been formed but till today no such laws has been implemented to combat human trafficking in any form. Nepal , Bhutan and Bangladesh being the closest neighbors of India having similar demographic features, cultural heritage, economic stability, similarity of customs and traditions etc, have accounted to the human trafficking in the border areas and cross border areas which has become very difficult to control.