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    Contributions of the Muslims for Creative Writings: A Study on North Bengal with Special Reference to Malda (1835- 1947)
    (University of North Bengal, 2018-03) Das, Biswajit; Pain, Swapan Kumar
    The major part of population in few districts of West Bengal especially Malda are the Muslims. In the early phase of colonial period, the Muslims were not able to take the advantage of western education and even they refused to learn English language and as a result of which they lagged behind the Hindus in various types of writing. But the fact is that, they did not lack skills in writing. The number of their writings was relatively small but their contribution to different types of writing was important. They also tried to enhance the writing culture of this region. The present article will focus the historical and literary works of the Muslim writers of North Bengal with special reference to Malda from academic point of view.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Livelihood challenges and survival strategies of the hill-kharia and mankadiatribes in mayurbhanj district of odisha
    (University of North Bengal, 31-03-2020) Behera, Minaketan; Panigrahi, Kumuda Chandra
    This paper is based on a study on the survival and livelihood challenges of Hill-Kharia and Mankadia tribes (PVTGs) and the impact of welfare schemes in their life in Jashipur and Karanjia blocks of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. The paper reveals that education beyond primary level among these PVTGs is almost absent and their health status is poor, which together, make them vulnerable. These two tribal groups lack basic infrastructural facilities such schools, hospitals, roader, banks, electricity, proper drinking water, communication and transportation. Majority of them are in primitive stage of life, without having a proper house and largely depend upon on forest produce and manual labour for their survival. They spend very less on education and health. Besides, alcohol addiction is the main reason for their poor health and economic condition. The tribal welfare programmers could not achieve the desired results in the life of the Hill-Kharia and Mankadia and many of them are at the bottom of the human development index.