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Item Open Access Innovation and Progress: An Insight into the Indian Business Start-Ups and the Promotion of Scientific Temper for Socio-Economic Advancement(University of North Bengal, 2024-03) Rakshit, Souradeep; Moitra, SanyuktaThe Constitution of India through its 42nd Amendment of 1976, incorporated "scientific temper' as one of the Fundamental Duties to every Indian citizen under Article 51 A (h). The first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru mentions this term in his book "Discovery of India" where he characterised scientific temper as a mind-set to change or alter one's intuition in the light of evidences and not to accept anything which appears to be irrational or without proof. Our country has consistently put forth attempts to concede to the scientific temper, time and again and emphasised its significance. In 2013, the Science, Technology, and Innovation policy, developed by the Government of India pushed on the advancement of scientific temper amongst every citizen. However, it needs to go quite far to appropriately show this temperament while fostering the resolutions for achieving socio-economic goals of the country. Presently, it has been noticed that business ventures are intensely reliant upon scientific temper and this will be ultimately essential for the entrepreneurs to succeed. Thus, small and micro undertakings backed by competitive and state of the art technology will be the foundation for greater enterprises in the country, resulting in economic boom. All future businesses will be driven by science and technology and hence, it is called for addition of new avenues and enterprises, with changing time and further with scientific temper as its major ingredient. Start-ups can be considered as one such innovation that has been leading businesses growing by leaps and bounds. In India, the last decade emerged with great start-ups like CRED, Meesho, Swiggy, Zomato, Delhivery, Oyo and many more, making itself one of the most important start-up hubs in Asia and perhaps even in the world. The scientific temper in start-ups can further do wonders to India’s socio-economic growth in the long run. Hence, in this paper, the authors shall make an attempt to bring out the essence of scientific temper in bringing forth the technologically advanced start-ups in India and its capacity to form the basis of India's future in the global market, in terms of both technological advancements and entrepreneurship. The paper will also highlight the hindrances to its growth and suggest measures in contributing to the growth of start-up ecosystem in India.Item Open Access Internet Banking- A transformation Based on Technology from Traditional to Virtual Banking(University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Bhattacharjee, Abhijit; Chakraborty, SaikatIndian Banking has undergone a total transformation over the last decade. Moving seamlessly from a manual, scale constrained environment to a technological leading position, it has been a miracle. Such a transformation takes place as per the need of the hour within a short span of time with low cost. In the development of Indian economy, banking sector plays a very important and crucial role. With the use of technology there had been an increase in penetration, productivity and efficiency. It has not only increased the cost effectiveness but also has helped in making small value transaction viable. Electronic delivery channels, ATMs, variety of cards, web based banking, and mobile banking are names of few outcome of the process of automation and computerization in banking sector.Item Open Access Education as an Instrument of Social Transformation: Aspects and Prospects(University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Roy, BasudebEducation is the foundation of every society to grow in a healthy manner. Every civilized society has accepted the phenomenon of education, it is the duty of the society itself to nourish it in a positive way. Social change on the other hand is a dynamic process in which education is just an aspect. Education moulds the society by uplifting individuals and thus comes the change, a prosperous change. In India, fromIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Ramakrishna Paramhansa, to Dr.SarvepalliRadhakrishnan, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and all other great Indian educationists have left the legacy of social transformation through quality education. Right to Free and Compulsory Education is a Fundamental Right and the State is obliged to secure it anyway. Besides this, educational cultures play an important role across the globe whether it’s social, economic, political, traditional, cultural, demographical, or religious. Government and Non-Government Organizations also have the social responsibility to provide financial aids to the institutions to ease the access for the financially weak sections of the society. Furthermore, the Judiciary should act as the watchdog to mould education in an exemplary shape and most importantly awareness of the people is needed to acquire proper education. Education, whether it’s formal, informal, legal or of any other kinds, is the only way to transmit knowledge, skills, values, norms, mores or any particular habit from generation to generation in a community or society.Item Open Access Korea’s Use of ‘Smart power’: An Overview of Historical Development in the ‘Late Industrialisation’ Countries(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Mukhia, AnmolThis paper aims to analyse the historical process of Korea to escape from the socio-economic backwardness, whereas other late industrialised countries are still in the process of development.The wise use of Korea’s ‘hard’ and ‘soft power’ synthesis gives birth to the new mode of power known as the ‘Smart Power,’ which plays the vital role in escaping Korea from ‘backwardness’. Korea not only stops at the phase of the ‘developed States’ in the field of late industrialization, but also creates the advanced State in the ‘techno-scientific’ field in the 21st Century. The literature or analysis of this issue tends to focus on the Statist perspective from International Political Economy and Post Colonialism ideas of cultural imperialism. State’s strong engagement in the market and the leadership ability to hegemon in the domestic politics basically leads to the development; whereas other late industrialisation states are unable to catch up because of their policies and weaknesses. However, it clearly ignores that it was not only the State enforcement but ‘power’ was used alternatively in the process of development i.e., the use of ‘smart power’.Item Open Access Hydropower Development and its Impact in Kinnaur District(University of North Bengal, 2015) Zangmo, AmritIn the recent decade Himachal Pradesh and its development revolved around hydropower development with its intent of turning Himachal into powerhouse of the nation. The present study tries to examine whether the setting up of large number of hydropower projects in entire stretch of Sutlej Basin in hilly area of Kinnaur district which is prone to the phenomena like landslide, flood and drying up of water resources is wise or not. The present paper is based on field work observation and study of official reports and statistics from the different departments, both governmental and non-governmental. Due to heavy blasting work used for making underground tunnel in the project entire hill on the right bank of the Sutlej river at Karcham Wangtoo project area have become vulnerable to landslides. Drying up of natural water resources has been observed at the surrounding affected villages of Karcham-Wangtoo hydropower project. In the age of climate change when area is already fragile and prone to such natural disaster question arises how prudent to start new and existing hydropower projects in the region.Item Open Access Human Rights Perspective and Development Discourse: An Exploratory Note on Intellectual Possibilities towards Relation Building(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Chakraborty, TirthankarThis paper seeks to unravel some of the tangled threads of contemporary rights talks. For some, the grounding of rights-based approaches in human rights perspective makes them distinctively different to the areas of development discourses. Is there any real difference between these two in practice or not? Thus, the paper tries to explore some of the intellectual possibilities which reflect on the relationship of the human rights perspective and development discourse. Through this paper some areas like Evolution of the Idea of Rights within the Humanizing Parameters, The Generations of Rights within Humanising Parameters and the Relational Experience of Human Rights Perspective and Development Discourse are generally highlighted. .Item Open Access Development induced displacement and rehabilitation with reference to three states – Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Rajak, Pankaj; Yasin, M.The essay contends that the economic liberalization in India is virtually depriving the tribal and other agricultural dependent people of their traditional means of livelihood by promoting all sorts of ‘so called’ developmental projects. Such development serves the interests of the elites while it impoverishes the tribal and poor people who are dependent on the life sustaining resources of the ecosystems in which they live. The very nature of the present development paradigm does not provide for the absorption of these poor people by either developing their skills or by providing them with technical education. In light of the above statement, to understand the problem of development-induced displacement and rehabilitation in India due to several developmental projects, a study of three states has been made.Item Open Access Informal Settlements: A Study of Displaced Living in a Kolkata Slum(University of North Bengal, 2019-03) Palit, KahiniIn the absence of a sound planning for the ever-growing population and soaring real-estate prices in the city of Kolkata, a large number of people, ranging from labourers in the informal sector to those who migrated to the city in search of means of subsistence, are forced to live in informal settlements, as encroachers of government lands, subject to eviction whenever the government feels like cleaning up or developing urban facilities like flyovers or green parks. Such evictions often do not offer any compensation, let alone rehabilitation. In most cases, the argument made by the authorities for not providing rehabilitation is that the inhabitants were illegal encroachers and did not possess any legal documents. Again, rehabilitation provided by the government in distant places away from the city fails to serve its purpose, since without income generating infrastructure in the relocated area, the new settlers are forced to come back to the city and set up new informal settlements, as the city offers livelihood opportunities.Item Open Access Globalization, Growth, Poverty and Inequality: Perspectives from Eastern Europe and South Asia(University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Ray, Ajit KumarThere are volumes of literature in search of linkages between globalization and poverty. The pro-globalization advocates argue that it led to faster growth, reduction in poverty and in inequality. The anti-globalization critics argue that it led to slower but more volatile growth, increased poverty and inequality. We examined the claim of positive relationship between growth rate with reduction of poverty and inequality. We find the claim that growth reduces poverty and inequality has not been realized. Moreover, positive growth due to globalization either immiserizes the poor or trickles down benefits insignificantly.