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Item Open Access Devadasis: A historical analysis(University of North Bengal, 2022-03) Lama, Sudash; Mahanta, SanchitaTradition of Devadāsī is a century-old phenomenon. The theme of pleasing the Supreme Being is nothing but a continuous process of devotion and belief in divinity. One association with divine power can be seen in the case of devadasis. These women were considered as the wives of the Gods, but in later periods they were also associated with the Goddesses too. As devadasis was seen as the utmost replica of chaste women because of their connexion with the celestial beings. The temple was the epicentre of the early medieval and medieval society. The temples were mainly donated by the royal families, rich merchants, and merchant guilds to legitimize the feudal polity to form an equation between the deity and the ruler in the world of authority in the agrarian fields as well as in materialistic matters. They were never recognized as widows or deprived of their marital status, as they were married to a god who was immortal. The theme of social constructs changed with in the bygone times; it translated from gender to sex, biological identification to define human beings. The system has gone through erosion in its position because of the existing power struggle of men in the social, political, economic, and cultural yards. In the shadow of patriarchy, devadasis occupied the role of a man, yet remained as like another woman in the social conjuncture. The practice of donating girls in the temples gave birth to a quasi-matrilineal community under the patriarchal equilibrium.Item Open Access Dynamics of Religious Transformation of the Tamang Community of the Sub-Himalaya: Historical Perspective(University of North Bengal, 2021-03) Lama, SudashStudy of religion and cultural change has always cherished the historian and ethnologist. The Tamang have been the subject of study for historians, ethnologists and philologists for many decades. The cultural peculiarity and ethnographic distinctiveness has attracted the scholar. The present paper intends to highlight the imbibed religious transformative character of animism to Buddhism. It also attempted to explore the reasons for the cultural shift of the tamang from animism to Buddhism.Item Open Access Bengal Traditional Games And Sports Culture Around In Twentieth-Century North Bengal(University of North Bengal, 2019-03) Roy, Badal; Lama, SudashGames and Sports are an integral part ofthe culture.Traditional games and sportsform the backbone of a community, thus intangible heritage and a symbol ofthe cultural diversity of our societies. It also reflects different cultural expressions that create a bridge among the cultures.This article aims at exploring how children particularly in rural areas of NorthBengal contribute to sports despitethe economically poor but culturally richtradition of the country. They did so to enjoy their leisure with the limited resources available to them like broken bangles, tamarind seeds, and old clothes especially for those who cannot afford to buy expensive goods.Item Open Access A Survey on the Unique & Composite Temples of Cooch Behar from (17th to 19th century)(University of North Bengal, 2018-03) Lama, Sudash; Acharjee, ArkaTemple in India is considered as an abode of God Almighty, a centre of reverence. The Hindu temple, in more than one sense, epitomises the numerous sides and complex processes of the cultural development of Hinduism through its architecture. The major temple styles listed and described in the “Vāstuśāstra” texts are the Nāgara, Drāvida and Vesara. All the available texts are agreed on the point that the Nāgara style was prevalent in the region between Himalayas and Vindhyas. So, geographically Bengal belongs to the school of Nāgara style and Bengal temple architecture in its initial phase chiefly followed the Nāgara style though the process of the consequent development of Nāgara style can be traced through various regional schools, of which the major ones were Orissa (Kalinga style) & Central India (Mahoba style). But from the 17th Century, the history of Indian temple architecture witnessed the beginning of a distinct Bengal school which consisted of a series of parallel unique temple styles by which Bengal hold an important status in the architectural atlas in India. From the 17th to 19th Centuries Bengal may be categorised as a province that behold several innovative architectural styles. In this connection a noticeable point may also to be noted here that though Cooch Behar is a part of Bengal, stylistically this part also shows its architectural uniqueness by consuming and admixing various local and also general attributes. By undertaking field survey at Cooch Behar district the author tried to trace these distinguishable features of these temples.Item Open Access History of Buddhism: Its Advent and Spread in Darjeeling Hills(University of North Bengal, 2017-03) Lama, Sudash; Lepcha, GyamitThe religious blending of North Bengal and the Himalayan countries held themselves together from the seventh century. In Tibet Buddhism developed into a state religion after the days of Guru Padmasambhava 's visit. From then onwards Tibetan Buddhis"! spread to Sikkim, Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Bhutan, Subsequently after the decline of the Palas and the Senas, the Buddhism disappeared from Bengal and the main land of India but Tibet preserved and developed Buddhism. It spreads towards Himalayan states of Sikkim and Darjeeling areas.Item Open Access Trade and Trading Items of Colonial Bengal: A survey of Imported and Exported Trade Items (1602-1757 A.D.)(University of North Bengal, 2016-03) Lama, Sudash; Mandal, ProdipA region as geographical units is a historical construction whose boundary is defined and redefined by the contemporary political and culture condition. Our delineation of region depends on our perspective on the history. It is to be noted that, during the seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth century, we know that the geographical limits of subha was often the exceeded area now presently covered by East Bengal or Bengladesh and the Indian state West Bengal. And also we noted that, during the contemporary time period, a flourishing textile industry, urbanization and trade with the western Gangetic plains, and also Indo- European maritime trade. We see that seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth century, Company established trade relations with Bengal only after it had been operating elsewhere in the subcontinent for a period of nearly three decades. But once a beginning had been made, the growth of the Company 's trade in the region was remarkable rapid. During the latter half of the seventeenth century, the Bengal trade played a crucial role in the Company's intra-Asian trade. Similarly, at a slightly later date, opium procured in Bihar accounted for a substantial proportion of the total Dutch imports into the Indonesian archipelago. Toward the close of the seventeenth century, as the composition of the exports to Europe underwent a drastic change in favors of textiles and silks manufactured in Bengal and elsewhere, the trade from this region assumed an altogether new significance. This paper we attempt to show about import and export trade items of Bengal from 1602 to 1757 A.D.Item Open Access Buddhist Paintings of Darjeeling: Identification and Interpretation(University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Lama, SudashThe time has not yet come to write a history of Buddhist art. Such a study needs a detailed description of all the collections of Buddhist art preserved in different parts of the country and outside the country. The Buddhist painting of Darjeeling characterized the pantheon of northern Buddhism. It is very difficult task to distinguish and classify the host of many-armed and many-headed divine beings, armed with whole arsenal of warlike attributes, the numerous figures of saintly lamas, abbots of monasteries, who appears on painting side by side number of religious symbols gives multiple meaning and disseminate the idea of direct intuition along with ethnographic variation.Item Open Access Identifying a Tribe of Sub-Himalaya : A Socio-Cultural Aspects of Tamang(University of North Bengal, 2012-03) Lama, SudashItem Open Access A Review of Tamang Marriage System(University of North Bengal, 2011-03) Lama, SudashItem Open Access Essence of Bon Religion: Among the Hill Tribe(University of North Bengal, 2009-03) Lama, Sudash