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Item Open Access Excavating the Role of Digital Twins in Upgrading Cities and Homes Amidst 21st Century: A Techno-Legal Perspective(University of North Bengal, 2023-09) Ghosh, Jayanta; Banerji, OishikaConsidering factors like technological up-gradation, digital awakening, sustainability, and smart living with machines, the concept of smart cities and smart homes have stepped in with the helping hand offered by digital twins in this era of the 21st century. Aiming to connect physical objects with virtual ones, digital twins using bi-directional connectivity helps maximize the potential of a city, pushing it to grow beyond its capabilities. A rise in the use of virtual simulation technologies reflects the importance of digital twin technology in today’s complex world. With different countries around the world adopting the concept of smart cities and homes to address various issues, the question is who addresses the detriments of walking in with this new adaptability, and who will be liable in situations of mishappening? The Narendra Modi government has initiated the birth of smart cities in India, thereby mending ways for Amravati to become the first city born out of digital twin technology. Walking in with the great potential to transform urban governance and increase urban metabolism, digital twins powered with Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G, blockchain technology have made a significant place in a man’s daily life. A feasible device for urban planning, the subject of digital twins is divergent enough to have an exhaustive coverage. Therefore, there lies room for further development, study, and implementation of this technology. One must not forget that paralyzed laws and regulations welcoming new sets of challenges possessed by the revolutionary digital twins have been in the spotlight of discussion for some time now. Channelizing the same stands utmost in the era of smart living with the help of a well-planned legal framework to address issues arising from the claws of this technology.Item Open Access Power Play of Artificial Intelligence upon Intellectual Property Rights(University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Ghosh, JayantaUp-gradation of the technology and its interference in human life by the introduction of Artificial Intelligence/robotic machines makes human life vulnerable. These vulnerabilities are more when the question comes to the right issues on the intellectual property. The credibility to the introduction of the Artificial Intelligence/robotic machines depends on humans, but Artificial Intelligence is likely to produce new solutions to problems and in so doing to create intangible outputs that could, at least in theory, be perceived as Intellectual Property. Current intellectual property system is also affected with this technological interference. In this context, the future discussion is one who owns the Intellectual Property rights in creations produced by robots. Artificial Intelligence remains an area where there is frenetic Intellectual Property activity and it has largely been based on protecting Artificial Intelligence systems or applications. But, in near future where machines are deployed to create complex products, the question of Intellectual Property ownership could become clouded. Artificial Intelligence helps solve complex issues simply and sophisticatedly whereas legal ownership on the other hand, may not be fairlysosimple.From an intellectual property perspective, the most interesting aspect is that the resolution asks for the elaboration of criteria for ‘own intellectual’ creation for copyrightable works produced by computers or robots.It may be argued that the machine is a sensible being entitled to ownership rights. It is not difficult to imagine that those bringing the copyright lawsuit had ulterior motives. If a robot or machine could own a copyright, why not a house? And if a machine could own property, perhaps the machine should also have additional rights including the right not to be owned at all. These questions raise issues that go to the very foundations of intellectual property law, including the economic incentive to encourage certain activities, and the ‘moral rights’ associating with according to credit to authors. Here all the rights theory of jurisprudential law comes in trouble to figure out the main issue. The same issues may arise with respect to general Artificial Intelligence. If the Artificial Intelligence was self-aware and capable of creative and inventive activity, why shouldn’t other rights be accorded? But it has toregulate these technologies and without restraining innovation. While considering the ethical and legal implications and consequences of the conflict to be resolved for the future complications.