NBU Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 09, No. 01

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    Integrated management of seedling blight disease of tea caused by Sclerotium rolfsi
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Bhagat, Indramani; Chakraborty, Bishwanath
    Tea is one of the important plantation crops in Nepal. One of the important fungal pathogens Sclerotium rolfsii, causing seedling blight disease in tea was found to be predominant in the nursery grown plants. The art and science of plant disease control has moved in the direction of biological control of plant pathogen is a distinct possibility for the future and can be successfully exploited in modern agriculture, especially within the framework of integrated disease management systems. Effective integrated management practices against S. rolfsii were developed using neem cake, oil cake, aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, bio-control agent like Trichoderma harzianum and calixin (0.1 vi%) in vivo. Combination with cow dung, neem cake, oil cake, chicken manure and rabbit manure, disease reduction were insignificant. However, combination with neem cake and oil cake showed 66.4% disease incidence, whereas in oil cake, neem cake and Azadirachta indica in combination disease incidence were recorded 11.1%. Under pot culture conditions T. harzianum alone and in combination with neem cake, oil cake and Azadirachta indica provided best effective management practices of seedling blight in all the three modes of application viz., simultaneous, repeated and post infection.
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    A comparative study of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) rearing under different sources of peptides isolated from Dudhiya and S1 mulberry leaves
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Jha, Suchisree; Bhattacharyya, Phalguni; Ghosh, Amitava; Mandal, Palash
    Silkworm is a domestic monophagous insect, produces only natural animal the fibre. Growth of silkworm larvae depends on nutritional components of mulberry leaves. In present study one attempt was made to investigate the role of low molecular weight (0.5-3 kDa) mulberry peptides on silkworm rearing. For peptide extraction, two different types of mulberry leaves were chosen, one from S1 which was preferred by larvae for feeding, another is a germplasm named Dudhia, refused by larvae. Peptides isolated from young S1 leaves showed higher larval growth followed by peptides isolated from mature and senescence leaves. High ERR% along with enhanced weight of single cocoon and single shell was observed in silkworm fed with S1 peptide treated mulberry leaves as compared with the same by Dudhia peptides. Elevated antioxidant activities were exhibited by S1 peptides than Dudhia at all maturity stages (young, mature and senescence). Significant correlation was obtained between antioxidant activities of S1 peptides and economical attributes of silkworm rearing such as ERR %, weight of single cocoon, weight of single shell etc. From our observation it might be stated that the farmers would have been benefited if they could use mulberry leaves treated with antioxidant enriched peptides as a food for silkworm rearing.
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    In vitro seed germination of an Endangered Terrestrial Orchid Species Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr.
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Roy, Subhas Chandra
    Orchid seed is rather difficult to germination rather than other angiospermic seeds, because of lack radical and endosperm, leaf rudiments. Seed germination and protocorm like body (PBL) formation of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. was performed. This study was conducted to determine the effects of coconut milk (CM), and BAP for optimal media culture. Seeds from sterilized capsules were cultured on two media and MS medium (Knudson C orchid medium, KnC, containing 0 and 25% (v/v) CM and 0 and 5 mgl BAP with 0.8% (w/v) agar as material. The cultures were solidifying provided by cool white florescent maintained tubes. The highest germination percentage was observation in 15% (v/v), CM and 3 mg l-1 BAP both in MS and KnC media. Seeds germinated and formed light green globular structures on the medium after three weeks of culture. These globular structures produced Protocorm-like body (PLB) and proliferated and developed into irregular-shaped rhizomes with white hairy structures. Highest in vitro seed was found in KnC medium supplemented with 15% CM and 3 mgl-1 BAP about 95.31 % whereas in MS medium maximum cultured germination KnC reached medium at 79% with 15% CM and 3 mg BAP. Overall, this study showed that Geodorum seeds culture on KnC medium containing CM and BAP can be used for clonal propagation.
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    Influence of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and sporulation of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing leaf blight disease of niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) cass)
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Saha, Aniruddha; Choudhuri, Chandrani; Saha, Dipanwita
    Alternaria altermata is isolated from naturally infected niger leaf for their morphological characteristics, mycelia growth and sporulation, spore germination in different culture media and environmental conditions. RMA was best for both growth and sporulation. Excellent sporulation was observed ion PCA. PDB supported best growth among the liquid media tested. Highest mycelia dry weight was recorded at 28°C and pH 6.5. Among several carbon sources tested, Mannitol showed optimum growth and sporulation while peptone produced maximum growth among the tested organic nitrogen sources. The present study will help to maintain the fungus in the laboratory condition for preparation of inoculums for different studies related to the control measures of the pathogen.
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    Morphological characterization of rice cultivars their root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and screening for field resistance caused by brown spot disease
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Khati, Sweata; Chakraborty, Bishwanath
    Variability in seed morphology was studied in 15 rice cultivars using qualitative and quantitative characters. Germplasm of these indigenous rice landraces were collected from Bijanbari, Kalimpong, Sikkim, Malda, Siliguri and UBKV (Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya). Data were recorded for traits such as Kernel colour, Seed cóat colour, Aroma, Presence of Awn and Length of the seed. A total of 9 landraces had white kernel colour while 4 had brown and 2 had greyed-orange. The seed coat colour variation in different landraces ranged from Golden yellow, Yellow, Red and Black. 6 landraces were having aroma whereas 9 had no aroma and lastly 11 landraces were found to have awn and 4 were awnless. UBKV-4 was longest in length with 1.1 cm and Sano masuri being the smallest of 0.4 cm. Establishment of disease in naturally infected rice cultivars were observed and disease index was calculated. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) were screened from rhizosphere of fifteen rice cultivars grown on experimental field using wet sieving and decanting method. Microscopical observation revealed the presence of different genus of sp. Were found to high in all the fifteen cultivars of rice plants followed by Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Acaulospora. Histopathological study of roots showed the presence of vesicles and arbuscules. AMF infection and total number of spores per 100 grams of soil were recorded. Present study evaluates the study of different AMF population and their histopathology harbouring in the rhizosphere of rice.
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    Wetland flora of West Bengal: Lythraceae J. St.-Hilaire
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Chowdhury, Manoranjan; Chowdhury, Anurag; Das, Abhaya Prasad
    Considering the total area of wide range of wetlands, West Bengal is occupying the fourth position in India. Most of which are known to support very rich plant diversity. The present work recorded a total of 18 species belonging to five genera of Lythraceae J. St.- Hilaire growing in the aquatic or marshland habitat in West Bengal.
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    Larger Fungi from the Pir Panjal Himalayan range in Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir state, India
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Kour, Harpreet; Sharma, Yash Pal; Kumar, Sanjeev
    Nine macrofungal species belonging to seven families collected from temperate forests of district Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir have been described. All these species constitute new report of their occurrence from the study area.
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    Screening of free-living bacteria from the rhizosphere of Jute for their multiple plant growth promoting and antagonistic activity against phytopathogens
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Majumdar, Sukanta; Chakraborty, Usha
    Present investigation was undertaken to screen the PGPR isolates from the rhizosphere of Jute for their plant growth promoting and antagonistic activities in the view of an alternative way to chemical fertilizer and hazardous fungicides. A total 76 isolates were isolated from different parts of northern West Bengal and screened for their antagonistic activity against Macrophomiona phaseolina. Most promising five isolates were selected for further study and screened for other plant growth promoting and lytic enzyme producing abilities. Out of these, two isolates were Gram positive and rest three Gram negative. All five isolates exhibited several plant growth promoting activities. All five isolates showed IAA and ammonia production whereas four out five showed phosphate solubilization activity. Three PGPR strains exhibited siderophore production and only one isolate showed cyanide production ability. Among the lytic enzymes, chitinase was produced by three isolates. Among them B-3 showed highest degree of chitinase production. Protease was also produced by four strains but amylase and B-1,4-glucanase activity showed by only one isolate, Act-6. Two isolates B-3 and Acti-6 showed considerable amount of antagonistic activity against three phytopathogens Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oysporum, and F. semitectum suggesting that Acti-6 and B-3 showed several attributes to be the potent strains of PGPR and can be used as biofertilizer as well as biocontrol agents.
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    Management of grey blight disease of Som plants using value added vermicompost with Glomus constrictum and Bacillus altitudinis
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Acharya, A.; Chakraborty, U.; Ghosh, S.; Chakraborty, B.N.
    Grey blight disease caused by Pestalotiopsis disseminata, is one of the major foliar fungal diseases that constantly affects Persea bombycina Kost, a primary host plant of muga silkworm. Under nursery condition, grey blight disease was recorded mostly in SS and S6 morphotypes of som plants. Vermicompost, PGPR and AMF, alone and in combination were applied for the improvement of the growth of eight morphotypes of som plant as well as to reduce incidence. Growth in terms of height (cm), no. of leaves and no. of branches were studied. Analysis of some major defence related enzymes such as POX, PAL, CHT and GLU was also carried out to check induction of resistance after treatment. Artificial inoculation of som plants under nursery condition with spore suspension of P. disseminata was performed and disease progression noted for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. It was clearly seen that disease progression was slow and less in treated inoculated plants. The results emphasize the fact that application of bioinoculants can be studied in larger scale for the upliftment of the health status of muga host plants.
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    In vitro antibacterial activity as related to antioxidant property of some ethnomedicinal plants
    (University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Saha, Jayati; Sarkar, Prabir Kumar
    The present study attempted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts from some ethnomedicinal herbs and to correlate among the parameters. The antibacterial activity was assayed using agar-disc diffusion method against seven bacterial species. Their total flavonoids content (TFC) and ferric reducing power (RP) were also evaluated. Herb extracts with high TFC exhibited a good antibacterial activity against the bacteria at low concentrations. The Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the tested extracts than the Gram-negative ones. While Staphylococcus aureus was maximally inhibited, Escherichia coli was most resistant. Against each bacterium, antibacterial activity was positively correlated (r = 0.60-0.87) with TFC of the tested extracts. Positive correlations were also obtained between antibacterial and antioxidant activities (r = 0.60-0.96) as well as between TFC and antioxidant activity (r = 0.91) of the extracts. Thus, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the tested extracts were closely associated with their flavonoid constituents.