Browsing by Subject "Rice"

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Open Access
Evaluation of genetic variation among fourteen rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties (Landraces) of North Bengal using morphological traits
(University of North Bengal, 2010-03) Roy, Subhas Ch.; Rakshit, Dipayan; Sengupta, Sandeepan
The Northem region (North Bengal) of West Bengal possesses a rich genctic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L).This region is known for growing one important rice variety Tulaipanji with GI number in the district of North Dinajpur and many other varieties of local landraces with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A considerable range of diversity and variation exists among the genetic resources of rice landraces of North Bengal. Prominent fourteen (14) landraces such as Sadanunia, Kalonunia, Dhepi, Banni, Dudkalam, Malsira, Lalpanati, Bhadoi, Ashami, and Gobindabhog, Enda, Chenga, Katharibhog, Tulaipanji are known for their special quality attributes were collected from the different districts of North Bengal. Genetic variation among these landraces was characterized by means of morphological traits such as seed sizes, shape, volume, colour, awn character, surface texture with husk (Microscopic observation) and pericurp colour. The Karl Pearson's simple matching coefficient was used to calculate the genetic diversity among the varieties. Similarity coefficient was ranged from 0.94 to 0.64 with an average of 0.79 among the 14 varieties. Clusier analysis based on genetic similarity of these varieties gave rise to three distinct groups The results suggested that the level of genetic diversity within this group of rice varieties of North Bengal was suficient for brecding programs and can be used to establish genetic relationships among them on the basis of morphological traits.
Open Access
Genetic profiling of a small heterogeneous population presenting traditional, wild and wild relatives of rice (Oryza saliva L.) in relation to osmotic stress tolerance
(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Chaya, S.; Karmakar, J.; Ahmed Ganie, S.; Roychowdhury, R.; Paul, A.; Adak, M.K.; Dey, N.
Biochemical and genetic profiling of five rice lines which included one high yielding drought and salt sensitive cultivar (IR36), one drought avoiding indigenous line (Gorah), one salt tolerant popular cultivar (Nona Bokra), one wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) and one wild halophytic rice relative (Porteresia coarctata) were done in relation to osmotic stress tolerance. Biochemical analyses were done for three compounds (proline content, total chlorophyll and total protein) which are quantitatively vary under different osmotic stresses. The rice lines were genotyped for seven osmotic stress tolerance linked rice SSR loci and DNA sequence analysis was done for the amplified product of a salt inducible gene (salT) using two sets of allele mining primers. The varied biochemical profiles and growth habitat of the studied rice lines were partially confirmed both by the fingerprint analysis using rice SSRS (Simple Sequence Repeats) and DNA sequence analysis of the amplified product for the selected salt inducible gene.
Open Access
Physiological Adaptive Capabilities of Fifteen Different Local Rice Cultivars Under Salinity Condition
(University of North Bengal, 2023) Sarker, Aparna; Roy, Subhas Chandra
Rice is a major cereal contributing to the world’s calories consumption and staple food crop over for one-third of the world’s population. At present salinity is the second most widespread soil problem after drought and is considered as a serious constraint to increase rice production. Soil salinity affects plants through osmotic effects, ion-specific effects and oxidative stress. The effect of salinity stress in plants is mediated at least in part by an enhanced generation of active oxygen species, especially in chloroplast and in mitochondria which cause lipid peroxidation and membrane injury, protein degradation and enzyme inactivation. Plants have developed a complex anti-oxidant complex which mitigates and repairs the damage initiated by reactive oxygen species, toward enzyme synthesis to protect the cellular and subcellular system degradation. The seedling stage is one of the most sensitive stages to salt stress in rice and studies on salt tolerance during this stage could probably provide insights for enhancing tolerance throughout the plant life cycle. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the influence of NaCl on metabolic status of chlorophyll, protein, starch, soluble sugar and salt-tolerant capabilities among different rice cultivars.
Open Access
Rice research in the high-throughput sequencing era: Genomic breeding Rice breeding for better health
(University of North Bengal, 2016-03) Roy, Subhas Chandra
Rice [ Oryza sativa L.] is the most important cereal crop belongs to the family Poaceae (Grass) which provide staple food for half of the World's population (>3.3 billion). This staple food grain (rice) supplies the main energy resource providing 40-75% of the daily calorie intake to the world's poor people. It is equ ivalent to the proposition that 'Rice is life' in Asian continent because 90% people dependent on for their sustainable livelihood. Simultaneously Asia is considered as 'Rice Basket' because it produces 90% of the world's production (662 million tons, paddy rice, Mt). Total world production was 729 Mt from '154.3 million hectares with productivity of 4.1 tons/hectare (t/ha) in 2012 of which 662 million tons produced by Asian countries. Rice production has been doubled in the recent decades (1960s-1990s) during the tim~ of Green Revolution (1960s) primarily as the result of genetic improvement. It was factual that the varieties released in the· last 30 years in the farmers field, had a narrow genetic base in-spite of high genetic diversity prevailed in the rice germplasm, and yield enhancing capacity has reached to plateau. We need more production of rice to feed 9 Billion people in 2050. Breeder could manage the yield increase over released varieties through genetic gain by combining the yield related genes/QTLs from various genetic resources of rice germplasms either from cultivated local landraces or from wild varieties. Germplasm diversity is the mainstay for crop improvement and genetic dissection of complex traits. Rice germplasm shows tremendous genetic diversity in both within the species and among the varietal groups. This genetic diversity may be associated with the diverse allel~ of important traits and can be exploited to introgress these traits using knowledge of molecular breeding techniques such as marker assisted breeding (MAB) or marker assisted selection (MAS). The Next Generation Sequencing based technology is used for whole genome analysis to unveil the genetic and genomic infor'mation pertaining to important traits for advancing the molecular breeding procedures to increase the production. That ultimately leads to the development of genomic breeding and genomic selection to accelerate the breeding process.