Rice research in the high-throughput sequencing era: Genomic breeding Rice breeding for better health
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Type
Article
Date
2016-03
Journal Title
NBU Journal of Plant Sciences
Journal Editor
Chakraborty, Usha
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of North Bengal
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Roy, S. C. (2016). Rice research in the high-throughput sequencing era: Genomic breeding Rice breeding for better health. NBU Journal of Plant Sciences, 10(1), 17–30. https://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4528
Authors
Roy, Subhas Chandra
Advisor
Editor
Abstract
Rice [ Oryza sativa L.] is the most important cereal crop belongs to the family Poaceae (Grass) which provide
staple food for half of the World's population (>3.3 billion). This staple food grain (rice) supplies the main
energy resource providing 40-75% of the daily calorie intake to the world's poor people. It is equ ivalent to the
proposition that 'Rice is life' in Asian continent because 90% people dependent on for their sustainable
livelihood. Simultaneously Asia is considered as 'Rice Basket' because it produces 90% of the world's
production (662 million tons, paddy rice, Mt). Total world production was 729 Mt from '154.3 million hectares
with productivity of 4.1 tons/hectare (t/ha) in 2012 of which 662 million tons produced by Asian countries. Rice
production has been doubled in the recent decades (1960s-1990s) during the tim~ of Green Revolution (1960s)
primarily as the result of genetic improvement. It was factual that the varieties released in the· last 30 years in
the farmers field, had a narrow genetic base in-spite of high genetic diversity prevailed in the rice germplasm,
and yield enhancing capacity has reached to plateau. We need more production of rice to feed 9 Billion people
in 2050. Breeder could manage the yield increase over released varieties through genetic gain by combining
the yield related genes/QTLs from various genetic resources of rice germplasms either from cultivated local
landraces or from wild varieties. Germplasm diversity is the mainstay for crop improvement and genetic
dissection of complex traits. Rice germplasm shows tremendous genetic diversity in both within the species and
among the varietal groups. This genetic diversity may be associated with the diverse allel~ of important traits
and can be exploited to introgress these traits using knowledge of molecular breeding techniques such as
marker assisted breeding (MAB) or marker assisted selection (MAS). The Next Generation Sequencing based
technology is used for whole genome analysis to unveil the genetic and genomic infor'mation pertaining to
important traits for advancing the molecular breeding procedures to increase the production. That ultimately
leads to the development of genomic breeding and genomic selection to accelerate the breeding process.
Description
Keywords
Rice, Molecular Breeding, Genomic selection, MABC breeding, MAS, GAB
Citation
Accession No
Call No
Book Title
Edition
Volume
ISBN No
Volume Number
10
Issue Number
1
ISSN No
0974-6927
eISSN No
Pages
Pages
17 - 30