The Administration Of Augustus Cleveland In Santhal Pargana

Abstract

This essay highlights the legacy of a colonial bureaucrat, Augustus Cleveland (1754–1784), who played a pivotal role in shaping British tribal policy in India during the late 18th century. As Collector and Magistrate of Bhagalpur, Cleveland adopted a compassionate approach toward the Paharia tribe of the Rajmahal hills. His respect for their customs and personal engagement led to positive changes in their socio-economic conditions. In return, the Paharias embraced him, expressing their gratitude and affection, which is reflected in their legends about Chilmili Saheb. Thus, this relationship marked a notable deviation from the typical British-tribal interactions based on conquest.