A Comparative Analysis of Rabha Society's Socio-Economic Landscape amongst Males and Females: Insights from a Household Survey

Abstract

This study addresses a critical gap in existing literature on the Rabha people by conducting a comparative analysis between male and female members. Sixty Rabha households were surveyed ensuring an equal distribution of 30 male and 30 female respondents. The data collection process utilized a survey schedule to gather comprehensive information. The survey covered four forest villages namely MelaBasti and Mangolkata in Salbari 1 gram panchayat, located in Banarhat block, and KhuklungBasti and Gossaihat in Jharaltagram 2, situated in Dhupguri block of Jalpaiguri District. This study explores socio-economic aspects and reveals differences in employment, education, and traditional practices between males and females emphasizing the need for targeted initiatives to improve opportunities for Rabha women. This study highlights a significant disparity in literacy levels, particularly among illiterate individuals aged 40 to 70, where approximately 82% are females. While males slightly outnumber females (53% to 47%) at the below secondary level, this gap widens at the secondary and higher secondary levels, with males constituting 57% compared to females at 43%, indicating a higher literacy status among male respondents. Interestingly, both male and female respondents in the youngest age group (20 to 30 years) are actively pursuing higher studies, suggesting a potential shift towards improved educational opportunities for younger generations. The study highlights the occupational dynamics within the Rabha community, revealing distinct patterns between male and female respondents. Male participants predominantly engage in farming, Government service and businesses, with minimal involvement in fishing activities, indicating potential cultural and societal influences on occupational choices. A significant portion (33%) of female respondents are homemakers, reflecting the community's emphasis on family and community life. Keywords: