Browsing by Subject "Climate change"
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Item Open Access Climate change, Agricultural Practices and Food Security: An analysis of the Indian Scenario with Special Reference to the Food Security Act, 2013(University of North Bengal, 2019-09) Roy (Maitra), SangeetaThe undesirable effects of climate change are anticipated to affect the populations with the least capacity to adjust, but with the highest need for improved agricultural performance to achieve food security and decrease poverty. Food security is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals' access to it. Concerns over food security have existed throughout antiquity. The necessity to challenge climate change while producing more food to feed the world’s growing population means that “climate-smart agriculture” (CSA) is one of the advocated ways forward. This method principally defends an agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, resilience. This will concurrently help meet the goals of food security and overall development. This also envisages transformation of agriculture to feed a growing population in the face of a changing climate without destroying the natural resource base pointedly and alleviate the negative effects of climate change. However, more productive and resilient agriculture will require improved management of natural resources, such as land, water, soil and genetic resources through practices such as conservation agriculture, integrated pest management, agro-forestry and sustainable diets. Climate change hovers production’s stability and productivity. In several areas of the world where agricultural productivity is already low and the means of coping with adverse events are limited, climate change is expected to reduce productivity to even lower levels and make production more irregular. Long term changes in the outlines of temperature and precipitation, that are part of climate change, are expected to move production seasons, pest and disease patterns, and modify the set of viable crops affecting production, prices, incomes and eventually, livings and lives. India is no exception to the changing climate patterns and global warming. With its ever-rising population the need for food security is a greater burden. India’s population and the enactment of Food Security Act, 2013 imposes obligation on the government to improve agricultural practices to feed billions of people. Unfortunately, the Act does not mention the concept of climate smart agriculture nor the ways to deal with food security in the light of climate change, to deal with the challenges which it must meet successfully. The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept and relationship between climate change and agricultural practices related to climate smart agriculture; to evaluate the concept of climate smart agriculture in the international context; to analyse the Food Security Act, 2013 critically from the perspective of climate change and productivity development; and finally, to put forth suggestions to deal with the challenge in the present day context. The study is purely doctrinal with material collected from primary and secondary sources.Item Open Access ‘Divided by borders united by the Himalayas’: A Cross regional Policy Paper on the ‘Third Pole effect’, focusing on the issue of Water Crisis and Climate change in South Asia(University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Rodricks, Abhisekh; Bhattacharjee, ShibasishMost of the countries in South Asia like Bangladesh,China, India and Pakistan derive their water sources from the Hindu Kush mountains. It holds the largest stretch of frozen water outside the polar territory for which it it’s referred to as the ‘Third Pole.’ There exists an imminent threat from both the climatic and ecological variations coupled with human activities.Signs of water stresses have been found in majority of the affected regions. More than a billion people are living and thriving off this geo-climatic zone which has therefore, become a region of man-made exploitation. If the predictions, in respect to, growth of population, latent demand for agricultural and energy resources along with climatic variations are not made accurately, the actual stress on the Hindu Kush Himalayas(HKH), can never be assessed correctly, and hence actions taken may not lead to the pre-set goals.Item Open Access A Tale of Climate Refugee Vis-A-Vis Responsibility Shifting and Responsibility Sharing(University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Dutta, ShimulAround the world people have been forcibly displaced by floods, windstorms, earthquakes or droughts. This is equivalent to one person being displaced every second. Depending on the frequency and scale of the major natural disasters occurring, there are significant fluctuations in the total number of displaced people from one year to the next, yet the trend over recent decades has been on the rise. Many find refugee within their own country, but some are forced to go abroad. With climate change, the number of 'climate refugees' will rise in the future. So far, the national and international response to this challenge has been limited, and protection for the people affected remains inadequate. What adds further to the gap in the protection of such people – who are often described as 'climate refugees' – is that there is neither a clear definition for this category of people, nor are they covered by the 1951 Refugee Convention. The latter extends only to people who have a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particularsocial group or political opinion, and is unable or unwilling to seek protection from their home countries. It has been expressed growing concern and has taken action to support and develop resilience in the countries potentially affected by climate-related stress.