Browsing by Subject "ANOVA"

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    Agricultural Credit for Sustainable Rural Development: An Empirical Study of Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal
    (Indian Society of Agricultural Marketing, 2023) Laha, Sidhartha Sankar
    Indian agriculture is dominated by small cultivators. With an average holding size of just of less than 2 ha size 86 percent of holdings, Indian agriculture produces sufficient food, feed, and fibre to India's large population, and in addition generates some net export surplus. This would not have been possible without the continuous flow of massive credit to farmers to buy modern inputs. Credit is one of the most crucial inputs for agricultural development. Agricultural credit in itself is not an input but it helps in creating environment for the adoption of modern production technology and encouraging private investments on this sector. Our analysis in this paper shows that the in spite of commendable policy changes in Indian agri-credit system, the fact that the percentage of institutional credit in overall credit to agriculture has remained within a narrow range due to inadequacy and so many constrains in our studied area ofJalpaiguri District. The ANOVA results revealed that there is significant difference between perception of land less and land lords. More income group farmers and low income group farmers and Z test revels relationship between income and crop loss and choice of sources of credit. In conclusion it is recommended that a separate priority should be given to agricultural credit exclusively for small farmers. Government should work in close association with Small Farmers' and Development Agencies for the benefits of small farmers.
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    Prevalence of Anaemia and Age Related Changes in Haemoglobin Level of the Santal Labourers of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India
    (University of North Bengal, 2016) Malakar, Biswanath; Roy, Subrata K.
    Background: Haemoglobin level changes with sex, altitude, physiological condition, socio-economic condition, nutrition and so on. However, age related changes in haemoglobin level have not been well demonstrated. Objective: The study tries to find out (1) the prevalence of anaemia of the Santal labourers (indigenous and endogamous group) of Birbhum district, West Bengal and (2) also to find out age related changes in haemoglobin level of the Santal labourers. Material and methods: Cross sectional data have been collected on age and haemoglobin level from 697 adult (male = 301 and female = 396) Santal labourers of both sexes of Birbhum district, West Bengal. The data have been classified into five age groups (<30, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60+). Descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) used separately for males and females. Results: Mean haemoglobin level of the study participants were 12.60±1.88 and 10.86±1.34 for males and females respectively. Around 60 per cent males and 80 per cent females were classified as anaemic. ANOVA depicts significant difference in haemoglobin level between/ among age groups for males but not in females. A gradual decline in haemoglobin levels observed with increment of age only in males. Discussion: Present study indicates that haemoglobin level gradually declines with progression of age in males but such consistent pattern was not observed in females. However, it is difficult to conclude with this small sample size and a particular population. Further, studies in different populations with large sample sizes are needed considering concomitant factor affecting haemoglobin level to make a generalized statement.