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Item Open Access Economic Alterations of the Surjapuri Rajbanshis of North Bengal in the Twentieth Century(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Roy, Varun Kumar; Singha, ChandanThis writing explores the economic profile of the Surjapuri Rajbanshis of North Bengal in the twentieth century. The majority of people of this community inhabited villages and basically, they are agriculturists. So, agriculture is their main source of income. Except for agriculture they engaged in small-scale industries like Dhokra Industry which is made of Jute that is also part of agriculture. Due to available of jute they encouraged into Dhokra Industry. Trade and commerce are not so effective in their economic development but some of them engage similarly. Labouring is their second-highest source of income. The majority of people in this community earn money from labouring. But the present scenario is different from the past. Their source of income transforms into different sectors, agricultural labour transforms into various sectors like Masonry, Carpentry, Tea Garden labour, urban day labourer, etc., and at present their economic life is better than the past.Item Open Access The Mughal-Koch Relation: A Shift from Defensive Alliances to Subordinate Agreements(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Roy, Varun Kumar; Roy, VibekanandaThe Mughal-Koch relation is a significant political narrative that unfolds in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The shifting alliances and power dynamics between the Koch Behar kingdom and the Mughal Empire during the late 16th and early 17th centuries led to a transformative political landscape in northeastern India. Initially, the Mughal Empire and Koch Behar alliance provided mutual benefits, with Koch Behar gaining fortified security, defense against external threats, and military support during conflicts. The economic and cultural exchanges between the two powers flourished, leading to economic growth and enrichment of the region's cultural landscape. However, as the alliance evolved, Koch Behar transitioned from a defensive posture to a subordinate relationship with the Mughal Empire, resulting in significant changes in the region's power dynamics. The dynamics of the Koch-Mughal relationship illustrate the complexity of political alliances during this period and their long-term impact on the region's history.Item Open Access The Administration Of Augustus Cleveland In Santhal Pargana(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Kumari, MinaksheeThis essay highlights the legacy of a colonial bureaucrat, Augustus Cleveland (1754–1784), who played a pivotal role in shaping British tribal policy in India during the late 18th century. As Collector and Magistrate of Bhagalpur, Cleveland adopted a compassionate approach toward the Paharia tribe of the Rajmahal hills. His respect for their customs and personal engagement led to positive changes in their socio-economic conditions. In return, the Paharias embraced him, expressing their gratitude and affection, which is reflected in their legends about Chilmili Saheb. Thus, this relationship marked a notable deviation from the typical British-tribal interactions based on conquest.Item Open Access Understanding Education System in Colonial Jalpaiguri Town (1869-1947)(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Singhania, TarunaIn the Colonial period Jalpaiguri was one of the well-known town. The British had formed Jalpaiguri district on 1st January 1869, through a Gazette notification for their administrative interest. After the district formation there spread of education started. In the Bengal State Conference,1939, Dr. Charu Chandra Sanyal told, Jalpaiguri’s educational ratio was 8% in between only 1% was women. But there had been gradual development in the education system from the pre-colonial period to colonial period. In colonial period the spread of education started through the primary schools, after that gradually established secondary school, colleges, libraries, girl’s schools (women education also started). In that time some magazines also published. Jalpaiguri Municipality had also contribution in the spread of education in colonial Jalpaiguri town but certain area has not been touched. The proposed article intends to understand the nature of education system in Colonial Jalpaiguri town.Item Open Access Dhalbhum Uprising: Granting Peasant Participants Subalternity in the Historiography of Early Colonial Resistance(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Bhattacharya, SutapaIn Eighteenth century, aristocrats responding negatively to the juridical-political change that stripped them of their erstwhile authority and privileges were joined by peasantry and aboriginal people of the periphery. Around the same time, Dhalbhum region became a hotbed of resistance when a local grandee Jagannath Dhal led the Chuars, Bhumij and aboriginal peasantry in a tumultuous resistance against the Company rule of law. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the historical significance of the uprising as an integral part of the narrative trajectory of eighteenth-century Indian history. Alongside, the paper also proposes to intervene and interrogate the subalternity of the participative masses in the historiography of the western parts of Eastern part of the subcontinent using the resistance movement of the Raja of Dhalbhum to understand the cognitive trajectory of these uprisings in the early colonial period.Item Open Access Religious Beliefs and Practices of the Namasudras of North Bengal: A Changing Profile(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Sarkar, Susanta; Pain, Swapan KumarSince the beginning of the bosom of nature, hunger has been the first and foremost hindrance of man in his struggle for existence. In the era of food gathering in human civilization, nature itself has appeared before man with its forests full of flowers, fruits, animals and birds. Neolithic people learned to produce food through the introduction of agriculture. Food collection, food production, fear of nature, and fulfilment of their desires are at the core of the religious beliefs, customs, rituals, and worship that have evolved over the course of human life. Storms, earthquakes, steep, heavy rains, lightning thunders in the sky, and floods have attracted people's attention. To escape from the fear of these natural phenomena and to wish for food crops and good luck, cure diseases and healthy life, and fulfil various desires, people started worshiping nature by imagining various Gods and Goddesses and gave rise to various types of vows, from which various religious beliefs and practices of the aboriginal Namasudras caste of Bengal are born. In fact, Namasudras being agrarians, their worship, rituals, and religious beliefs usually revolved around nature, farmland, and agricultural crops, cows, and fruits. There is a proverb in Bengali "Baro Mashe Tero Parban" which still emerges through the various worship and religious beliefs and rituals of the Namasudras. Gradually their practices and religious beliefs are changing day by day; some worship practices and religious practices are on the verge of extinction at present. The present paper will find out the causes and circumstances of the changing scenario of the religious beliefs and practices of Namasudras community in North Bengal with the help of available sources of information.Item Open Access Women and Health Care System in Darjeeling & Jalpaiguri during 19th And 20th Century(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Roy Choudhury, SumitaHealth itself is a very broad aspect that cannot be defined within a certain periphery and women and their health care system in Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri in the 19th and 20th centuries is certainly a challenging one. Locationally, strategically, and climate both the district lies in different situations but common diseases were spread in large areas. Most of the indigenous people were used to the indigenous treatment in the absence of modern facilities. Thus, the British used to utter the advancement of Western medicine to justify the British rule in India. As women were in a weaker position so British used to uphold their situation by introducing different programs with great enthusiasm not just to show their kindness to the indigenous women but to prove the advancement of Western medicines. They focused on female education, sanitation, nursing courses for females, etc. which all helped to reduce the death rate of infantry.Item Open Access Theoretical Proposition on Understanding Autobiographical Narratives(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Lama, SulakshanaThis article examines the influence of theoretical propositions on understanding autobiographical narratives, focusing on pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial narratives. It explores indigenous traditions, European colonization, identity issues, and cultural challenges in these literary works. Thus, understanding these periods helps understand the evolution of autobiography as a genre. This study aims to explore the importance of linguistic barriers and selection biases in autobiographical literature. As a result, by focusing on these barriers and biases, we can better understand the complete portrayal of literary genres. Autobiographical theories help us to understand how individual events impact a person's identity and personal narrative growth. This study enhances our understanding of autobiographical works by revealing their cultural significance and their impact on social thought and memory as a whole.Item Open Access The Journey between Two Lands: A Study of the Indo- Bangladesh Women Migration with Special Reference to Jalpaiguri District(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Rakshit, SrijaThe work, women in border area, the author wishes to highlight the ethnographic compilation on the complex interrelationship between gender and political borders in South Asia, particularly in the major areas of Jalpaiguri districts of West Bengal which shares it’s border with the country of Bangladesh. The author attempts to examine the stories of women whose lives are intertwined with borders, who are its markers and who resist everyday violence in all its myriad forms. The borders become zones, where the power and control of one state ends and the other begins. The result is the startling revelation that women not only live on the borders, but in many ways, they form them and are a crucial part of them. The borders become symbolic of spaces where socio-economic and political contests of inclusion and exclusion are played out every day. The work wishes to elaborate the ways in which women negotiate their differences within a state, which in the guise of being democratic, denies space to differences based on ethnicity, religion, class, or gender. Borders become hostile zones of widespread aggression, where masculinity is privileged. It shows how most of the traditional efforts made to make geopolitical regions more secure, are nothing but attempts to privilege a masculine definition of security that only results in feminine insecurities. The India–Bangladesh border is negotiated and reproduced in the everyday spaces of people living in the borderland that is often overlooked by the usual representation of geopolitical nationalism and hard realities of the barbed wire.Item Open Access Tathagata Buddha: An Embodiment of Uniquely Talented Personality(University of North Bengal, 2023-03) Das, Sanjib KumarThe Sanskrit term ‘Buddha’ is rendered into English as ‘An Awakened One or An Enlightened One’. According to Tibetan etymology, “One who has awakened from the sleep of ignorance and spread his intellect to all objects of knowledge is called Buddha.” As per this etymology, the term ‘Buddha’ refers to all awakened beings, not only to Śākyamuni. The essence of Śākyamuni’s practical experience is called Buddha Dharma. The concept of Pratītyasamutpāda is the special characteristics of His teachings because this concept includes the system of formation and destruction of the universe, Law of Karma and its Result, Existence of Past and Future Lives etc. His concept of Bahujana Hitāya Bahujana Sukhāya as well as middle path and secular thought gives Him high status in Indian Philosophy.