Department of Commerce
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2925
The Post Graduate Department of Commerce was established in 1965 with the purpose to promote state of the art teaching and research and in Business Operations and Management. The primary programme offered by the department is Masters in Commerce, with specializations offered in Accounting and Finance, Personnel Management and Industrial Relations , Marketing, Banking and Finance and International finance.
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Item Open Access Antecedents and Measurement of Store Loyalty Behavior of Urban Shoppers in India(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Bhattacharya, Debasis; Dey, ShuvenduThe study of consumer store choice or patronage behavior has been an important area of research in retailing for many decades. Store loyalty is the most initial variable of interest to retailers. This paper attempts to identify the dimensions of store loyalty with specific focus on its antecedents such as Trust, Value for Money and Satisfaction. The results of this study provide retailers with useful information about Indian customers’ store loyalty determinants. Study results should be useful for retailers in Indian market when developing marketing strategies, when considering how they can best position their stores and which store loyalty determinants marketer needs to improve, in order to maintain customer loyalty.Item Unknown Assessing the role of POSB to cater financial inclusion and delivering rural credit in India(University of North Bengal, 2016-03) Ghosh, AmlanSince the opening up of the economy and reforms in the banking sector in India, rural finance is in back foot. To keep the momentum of the growth at the desired level, India needs to serve the financial need of the excluded masses to bring them into the main stream of developmental process. This paper examines the problems of formal banking to include the excluded people and providing (micro) credit to the poor of rural areas in the present era and advocates why the POSB (Post Office Savings Bank) can effectively be used to cater the financial need of rural India where formal banks/MFIs have very little presence in total demand of finance and failed to meet the aspirations of common people.Item Unknown Business Education and the Skill of Employability: An Empirical Study on East and West Midnapore Districts of West Benga(University of North Bengal, 2016-03) Biswas, Debasish; Mitra, DebabrataBusiness education has a vital role to play in today’s dynamic global arena where at every moment the new challenges are to be met. In order to meet the growing demands most of the multinational and transnational corporations need MBAs who are adaptable, flexible with entrepreneurial attitude and who can act as change agents in the organization. But there is a huge gap between what industry looks for and what is available in terms of skilled students. Enhancing employability skills in business education is considered as an important challenge for all universities, colleges and institutes. We have deliberately made an attempt to judge the employability skills of Management students and we are also interested to know the perceptions of employers as well as teachers of different management institutes in terms of their employability. This study will also try to focus on the existing gap between employers and academicians in terms of employability of students. Above all our study will be helpful in exploring new vistas of skilled development in business education that will serve future job market requirements in business education in a better and efficient way.Item Unknown Business Risk in FMCG Companies in India during the Post-liberalization Era: An Empirical Analysis(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Sur, Debasish; Mitra, Susanta; Maji, Sumit KumarThe FMCG industry in India has been making significant contribution towards developing the economy not only by providing a large number of consumer goods but also by generating a considerable amount of employment in India. In the environ of diverse challenges in India arising out of the liberalisation measures taken by the Government of India, FMCG companies have also made remarkable changes in their business policies. It has resulted in considerable changes in the pattern of business risk associated with the Indian FMCG companies. In this backdrop, the present paper seeks to analyse the business risk associated with 20 selected companies in the Indian FMCG sector during the period 1995-96 to 2011-12.Item Unknown Community Based Tourism: An Analysis of consumer Behaviour(University of North Bengal, 2017-03) Mukherjee, Joydeep; Banerjee, SharmisthaAs one of the global economic success stories, tourism has experienced continued growth to become one of the largest and most competitive economic sectors in the world. But this success has been often counterbalanced by the negative impact of unplanned growth of mass tourism, which jeopardizes the sustainability of environment and damages economic and socio-cultural structure of a region. As a result, academics, practitioners & advocates of sustainable development often propose Eco tourism as the future avenue of the sustainable tourism. At the same time, for Eco tourism to be an ideal instrument for sustainable development, there is a growing need to address the interest and benefits of local communities and their active participation in tourism activities. Like mass tourism also eco tourism treats local communities as passive receiver of tourism impacts rather than active player to be involved and participate in the process of tourism development. So this paper throws light upon a modified version of sustainable eco tourism, community based tourism (CBT), which focuses on the protection of host communities’ socio-cultural values, ensuring their active participation in tourism development, conservation of natural environment along with generating economic benefits. Literature provides that Consumer or tourist behavior is the pivotal point of planning and promotion of any tourism services. Tourists are influenced in their decision making processes by many push and pull motivating factors when they choose their holiday destinations. This paper diagnoses sampled tourists’ behaviour pattern to develop and manage the newly emerged concept of community based tourism. The study has analyzed the tourist behavior pattern to identify the critical factors in developing and managing CBT in a destination. Questionnaire based survey method is used for this purpose.Item Unknown Day-of-the-Week and Other Market Anomalies in the Indian Stock Market(University of North Bengal, 2017-03) Dutta, AbhijitThe anomalies of the market relating to the calendar period are the source of in-trospection for the efficient market hypothesis. As the market tries to take and as-similate information in the prices, it becomes more efficient and predicting price and tiding over market situation becomes more and more difficult. The fact that market prices are predictable as there are patterns in it, make it non-random and weak. This paper tries to understand in this context the price behaviour of the In-dian stock market and find if the market prices of the calendar event such as day of the week and month of the year has any effect on the Indian stock market. The data for this study consist of NSE data that comprise of weekly data for the period 1995-2015 and daily data for the period 2001-2015. This study indicates that though the Indian market does exhibit seasonality in returns, this seasonality is very different from that observed commonly in other markets.Item Unknown Diagnosing Definitional Issues of the Small Scale Sector in India(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Saha, Mausumi; Banerjee, SharmisthaDefinitional ambiguities of the small scale sector in India are a consequence of the diverse agencies and sources responsible for defining and documenting these units. They pose a challenge in getting a uniform and non-overlapping national level picture. The paper focuses on the evolution of definitional criteria laid down by the concerned Ministry from the post-independence period till date and throws light upon the underlying ambiguities. Simultaneously, other agencies have used different documentational criteria which may have led to under/over estimation in the documentation of the performance of the sector. The authors posit the need for a uniform definition and standard documentation practice.Item Unknown Does IFRS Reduce ‘Home Bias’ in Asset Management ?(University of North Bengal, 2014-03) Ray, Hirak; Biswas, JoydeepThis paper examines the question-does adoption of IFRS reduce the home bias? Even after the proponents and skeptics are at loggerheads over the benefits of adoption of IFRS, this study advocates that the widespread adoption of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) is unlikely to reduce the uncertainty about foreign financial reporting quality, familiarity bias, and geographical proximity bias that act as catalysts towards home bias.Item Unknown Driver Behaviour Inventory as Predictors of Driving Crashes and Near Misses among Professional Drivers: Testing a Contextual Mediated Model(University of North Bengal, 2017-03) Singh, Kh. Tomba; Rapheileng, A. S.The adjusted version of Driver Behaviour Inventory devised by Kontogiannis (2006) based on previous research (Mathews et al., 1999) was used as a measure of stress in this study. Three hundred and twenty two male professional bus (n = 36) and lorry (n = 286) drivers aged between 20 and 61years (mean = 37.96, SD = 8.19 years) participated in the study. The varimax extractions through PCA summarised all the original five factors. A contextual mediated model was proposed to distinguished the distal (demographic and traffic related variables) and proximal (aberrant driving behaviours) factors in predicting near misses and accidents. Examination of the structural path parameters through SPSS-AMOS v 22.0 revealed that five out of sixteen possible paths from the distal context to proximal context were significant and also five out of eight possible paths from the proximal context to the outcomes were significant.The level of driving confidence and general overtaking decreased as drivers became older. Similarly, drivers’ driving confidence level decreased as their driving distance increased. As expected, driving confidence and general overtaking level increased as their years of driving experience increased. Occurrences of near misses were positively predicted by driving confidence, general overtaking and dislike of driving. Also, occurrences of major accidents increased with an increased in the level of driving confidence and dislike of driving. Age, experience and mileage indirectly predicted both near misses and accidents via driving confidence. Also, age, experience and mileage indirectly predicted near misses via general overtaking, but did not necessarily predict accidents.Item Unknown Economic Growth-Inflation Dynamic Trade-Offs in India: Stability Issues and Policy Implications(University of North Bengal, 2019-03) Das, KalyanEndogenous and exogenous shocks disrupt macroeconomic stability. Growth, inflation and external balance are used to evaluate macro performance of an economy. Examining the relationship between inflation and gross domestic product (GDP) has long been an important field in macroeconomic research. This paper examines the nature of dynamic trade-offs between inflation and output and their direction of causation in the Indian economy utilizing time series dataset over the period from 1950-51 to 2015-16 employing together with unit root tests, cointegration regression and causality tests. There is strong evidence of their bidirectional causality. The empirical findings help to translate certain important theoretical issues on structural adjustment problems into various policy relevant solutions and interrelationships examining the role and conduct of macroeconomic stabilisation policies with particular emphasis placed on the specific episodes on macroeconomic dips, the existence of recessionary episodes, the counter-cyclical nature of inflation and the sustainability of macroeconomic policies.Item Unknown Effective Corporate Tax Rates and Role of Accelerated Depreciation Allowance in India(University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Ghosh, Gangotree; Dhar, Samirendra NathWide gaps between Statutory Tax Rates and Effective Tax Rates of companies in India have been observed for more than a decade and the tax base has been eroded through a steadily escalating range of exemptions. The study observes that due to these gaps there has been a substantial loss of tax revenue for the government from corporate taxes. The study examines various variables which influence Effective Tax Rates and bring to focus the role of accelerated depreciation allowance in reducing tax liabilities. Perceptions of corporate tax mangers various aspects of depreciation allowance for tax planning have also been explored in this context.Item Unknown EVA verses Traditional Accounting-based Financial Performance Measures: An Evaluation of Relative and Incremental Information Content in explaining Variation in Stock Return(University of North Bengal, 2017-03) Rakshit, Debdas; Mitra, Susanta; Kurmi, Mahesh KumarModern value-based financial performance measures, in particular EVA, is argued by its proponents as a major improvement over the Traditional accounting-based financial performance measures on the ground that EVA is more informative than the traditional performance measures in explaining the variations in stock returns. On the contrary, a good number of other researchers argued that traditional financial performance measures are more informative in contrast to EVA. However, various empirical studies have been conducted in this regard till date but the research results are quite at odds. Thus, a modest attempt has been made to scan the information content of EVA and the traditional financial performance measures (ROA, ROCE, ROE, and EPS ) in explaining variations in stock returns that will enable to recognize that whether EVA can be a preferred financial performance measure for investors in evaluating performance of companies while designing investment strategies. Relative information content test as well as incremental information content test approach has been applied here to engulf the problem. Several hypotheses have been tested statistically in order to elucidate the findings and inferences of the study. 50 Indian firms listed in Bombay Stock Exchange for the period from 1st April 2006 to 31st March 2016 have been considered here as sample for conducting the study. Relevant statistical tools and techniques along with specific statistical test such as ‘t’ test, ‘F’ test ,Co-linearity test (VIF) and Akaike information Criterion test (AICc) have also been applied at apt places for analyzing the data used in the study. Relative information content test divulges that EVA has the greatest value-relevance as it possesses the greatest information power in explaining the variations in the stock return followed by ROA, EPS, ROE, and ROCE. Incremental information content test also discloses that EVA adds considerable illustrative power to traditional performance measures.Item Unknown FDI in Multi Brand Retail: Cost Benefit Analysis(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Mitra, Debabrata; Ghosh, AmlanThe decision of the UPA Government to allow FDI in multi-brand retail is a highly controversial issue though the government has opened the retail sector to FDI in cash and carry with 100 percent ownership and 51 percent investment in single brand category. There are various issues that need to be addressed by the policy makers while allowing FDI in multi-brand retail. It can hardly be denied that entry of big giants in the retail sector may adversely affect a large section of population employed in the unorganized retail. Proper regulatory measures should be imposed to protect the vulnerable sections of the society.Item Unknown Foreign Direct Investment in Multi-brand Retail Trade(University of North Bengal, 2013-03) Marjit, SugataThe issue of FDI in multi brand retail has polarized political opinion in the country. Yet, clear economic arguments have not been forthcoming. One was expecting at least a white paper as a policy note or extensive public debate on the issue based on clear cut arguments, neither of which has emerged. The purpose of this article is to pinpoint clear economic arguments that should characterize such a debate.Item Unknown Globalization and India’s Technology Regime: an Empirical Analysis in the Macroeconomic Perspective(University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Ghosh, Banhi Baran; Sur, DebasishTechnology regime of a country, in its macroeconomic perspective, is best reflected by how technology is acquired and how it is absorbed through sustaining public expenditure on R&D. After liberalisation of the Indian economy in 1991, opportunities have become ripe for the economy to acquire technology from abroad easily at a lower cost. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to study the impact of the import of technology on the public R&D of the Indian economy during the pre-and post- liberalisation periods (1980-81 to 1990-91 and 1991-92 to 2007-2008) on the basis of the Log-linear model of regression analysis.Item Unknown Globalization, Growth, Poverty and Inequality: Perspectives from Eastern Europe and South Asia(University of North Bengal, 2015-03) Ray, Ajit KumarThere are volumes of literature in search of linkages between globalization and poverty. The pro-globalization advocates argue that it led to faster growth, reduction in poverty and in inequality. The anti-globalization critics argue that it led to slower but more volatile growth, increased poverty and inequality. We examined the claim of positive relationship between growth rate with reduction of poverty and inequality. We find the claim that growth reduces poverty and inequality has not been realized. Moreover, positive growth due to globalization either immiserizes the poor or trickles down benefits insignificantly.Item Unknown Growth-Inflation nexus in USA: A Threshold Regression Approach(University of North Bengal, 2017-03) Bhowmik, Debesh; Biswas, Debasish; Mitra, DebabrataThe paper endeavors to find out the nature of inflation of USA during 1961-2015 and to find out the nexus between inflation and growth using Granger causality, Johansen co-integration and vector error correction models. It also showed threshold limit of inflation of 1.75-3.0 per cent in USA using GDP deflator as inflation and taking World Bank Data. It finds one structural break at 1992 and no random walk with drift. Growth inflation nexus is negative. They are co-integrated and showed unidirectional causality. Error correction process is very fast and significant but vector error correction model is stable but divergent. Federal Reserve Bank is in favour of fiscal and monetary policy reforms to curb inflation.Item Unknown The Impact of FDI Policy Reforms on The Retail Sector in India(University of North Bengal, 2019-03) Lama, SaraswatiThe Indian economy is booming, with an average GDP growth rate of more than 7 per cent (2014- 18) and is expected to be the world’s third largest economy after the USA and China by 2050 (Dadush and Stancil, 2009). India has witnessed a noticeable growth in the organized retail industry after the liberalization of the economy in the early nineties. Healthy economic growth, favourable demographic trends with young and thriving population, increasing disposable incomes, and urbanization are some of the factors driving growth in the organized retail market in India. According to A. T. Kearney’s Annual Global Retail Development Index, 2017, India ranks first among the top 30 emerging markets for retail globally. The present study aims at the investigating current retail scenario in India, analyzing the impact FDI reforms in attracting FDI in retail and evaluating the challenges and threats of FDI in Indian retail industry.Item Unknown Impact of NPAs upon Profitability of State Bank of India- A critical review(University of North Bengal, 2016-03) Kumar, Ajit; lall, S.B.Banking sector is one of the leading indicators of a nation and represents one of the most important components of a nation’s capital. In a same manner loan represents the one of the important components of a bank’s total assets, which generates income for the bank. Timely recovery of the lone is important for the performance of the banks. A loan whose interest or principle has been overdue for over 90 days become NPAs and treated as bad loan. These bad loans are not able to generate income for the bank which affects the profitability of the bank. Therefore, the non-performing loans ratio is a critical tool to measure a bank’s performance. The main function of a bank is to accept deposit which is liability of a bank and provide loan generates income for the bank. The quality of loan assets is the most important factor for the basic viability of the banking system. Lower level of the non performing assets helps the bank in consolidating their position and gives credence to efficiency of the management. The bank not only evaluate the creditworthiness of the borrower at the time of processing of loan but the close monitoring of the borrower regularly will help the banks to reduce the level of NPA. In the era of globalization where whole world is treated as the domestic market, the Indian banks are not able to compete due to certain inherent weakness. The purpose of study is to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between non- performing assets and the performance of bank.Item Unknown Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in United Bank of India: An Empirical Study(University of North Bengal, 2016-03) Adhikari, Kingshuk; Paul, BiswajitIn the new millennium, one of the important challenges faced by majority of banking organizations of any country which is following the principles of market economy is to come up to the expectations of the customers, be it on the front of fund based business or fee based business. Interestingly it has been an established fact that the customers’ expectations cannot be addressed to their full expectations and satisfaction by a bank unless due attention is given to improve the service quality of the bank. Probably, the biggest challenge of any public sector bank of India in the age of intensified competition is to retain the existing customers by delivering quality service to the maximum possible extent after understanding the ever changing priorities and aspirations of its customers. The opening up of the economy and ever changing business environment in general and the banking sector in particular virtually compelled public sector banks to give up their elephantine indifference to the aspirations and priorities of customers and United Bank of India is no exception to this. It is through improving the service quality, a bank attempts to satisfy its customers and compete with its competitors as well as develop its image in the minds of existing and potential customers. Keeping in mind the importance of service quality for enhancing the satisfaction of customers, it has been decided to study the impact of different service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction. The paper makes an attempt to assess the impact of service quality dimensions on satisfaction of customers of United Bank of India within Cachar district of Assam. Statistical tools namely, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's Alpha, and Multiple regression technique have been applied for analysis and interpretation of data. The study concludes that reliability, tangibility and responsiveness dimensions of service quality have significant impact on satisfaction of bank customers.