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    Educational Scenario of Tribal Women in Dooars and Terai
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-12) Roy, Purnima
    In Dooars and Terai of North Bengal, Adivasi women have been suffering from illiteracy due to lack of proper education. The article focuses on the status and condition of their educational scenario and the hurdles faced by them in doing so. It is surveyed that the maximum number of women in tribal families are engaged mainly in tea garden. It also looked that they do not have interest in education and the Government facilities are not sufficient too to support their society. So, the gap between the general communities and the Scheduled Tribes in Dooars and Terai region in terms of low literacy may be attributed to different issues and the tribes remain illiterate in comparison to other societies.
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    Unearthing the Silent Narratives of Women of Darjeeling in Colonial Photography (1835-1947)
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-12) Sarkar, Sourav
    Photography, introduced to India shortly after its European invention, became a pivotal tool in documenting and shaping colonial life. In Darjeeling, amidst the scenic eastern Himalayas, photography captured the region's exotic appeal and socio-economic changes under British rule. This article explores the visual representation of women in colonial Darjeeling, revealing how photographs perpetuated imperialist ideologies while offering insights into women's lives and agency. By examining images of women tea plantation workers, local elites, and everyday individuals, this study highlights how photography both reflected and constructed colonial experiences, reinforcing stereotypes and justifying British rule through narratives of primitiveness and the need for a civilizing influence. Despite many exploitative depictions, some photographs also showcase women's resilience and contributions to the colonial economy and society. This research underscores photography's importance as a historical document and medium of expression, providing valuable insights into the gendered dynamics of colonialism and the broader imperialist project in Darjeeling. Through these lens, we better understand the interplay between power, representation, and identity in colonial India, appreciating the multifaceted role of women in shaping and being shaped by the visual culture of the time.
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    Understanding the Status of Matua Women in 20th and 21st Centuries in Bengal
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-12) Goldar, Sanchayeeta
    The Matua community primarily comprised of lower caste individuals from East Bengal (now Bangladesh) were united under the leadership of Sri Sri Hari Chand Thakur as part of an anti-caste religious movement. His son Guru Chand Thakur, later strengthened this movement, focusing on truth, purity of character, and gender equality. He emphasized on education, self-reliance, and societal respect for the community, who historically suffered from caste-based untouchability and forced migration due to communal conflicts. This present paper will analyse the contemporary socio-cultural and economic conditions of Matua women in Bengal. It highlights the significant role of ‘Matri Sena’, an independent women’s organization within the Matua fold, which underscores the commitment to gender equality and women’s empowerment. Despite progress in education and reduced discrimination, Matua women still face economic challenges and societal stereotypes. This study explores their ongoing struggles and efforts to improve their status, reflecting on the broader implications for social justice and gender equality within marginalized communities.
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    Women and contemporary politics during the times of Babur and Humayun
    (University of Northe Bengal, 2024-12) Roy, Varun Kumar
    The historical narrative of Babur and his family underscores the pivotal yet often underappreciated role of women in the political arena of the Mughal dynasty. Ehsan Daulat Begam's exemplary leadership during Babur's formative years not only safeguarded his claim to power but also demonstrated the significant influence women could wield within a patriarchal framework. Her ability to navigate complex political challenges and maintain stability in the court reflects a broader theme of women's active participation in governance during this era, countering prevalent stereotypes of female passivity. Moreover, figures such as Mahim Begam and Bibi Mubarika illustrate how women were not just supportive figures but key players in the shaping of political strategies and alliances. Their involvement in military campaigns, diplomatic relations, and the management of the household highlights the multifaceted roles women occupied, significantly influencing the direction and consolidation of Babur's rule and, by extension, the Mughal Empire. The contributions of these women extend beyond their immediate context, resonating through generations and impacting the political landscape of their time. Their legacies serve as a reminder of the essential need to reassess historical narratives, recognizing and valuing the instrumental roles women have played in shaping history. This nuanced understanding enriches our comprehension of the socio-political dynamics of the past and emphasizes the importance of inclusivity in historical discourse. Thus, the accounts of Babur’s family indeed reflect not only the complexities of power dynamics within their immediate context but also the enduring capacity of women to influence and determine the course of history, challenging the traditional paradigms of leadership and authority.
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    Feminist Philosophy of Art
    (University of North Bengal, 2023-12) Saha, Subham
    The feminist philosophy of art is concerned with how feminist issues are involved in aesthetics. Like feminism, feminist aesthetics show how women are objectified in art. This article will show how and why women are depicted in an objectified manner in the traditional art canon and how feminist artists react against this.
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    Indigenous Women and their Tenacious Strive for Forest Rights - An Indian Perspective
    (University of North Bengal, 2024) Rai, Ashima
    In the forestry systems of developing countries, distinct roles are often assumed by men and women. However, women frequently encounter systemic disadvantages stemming from cultural norms, socioeconomic barriers, and institutional biases that restrict their access to and control over forest resources and related economic benefits. Despite their essential contributions to the sustainable use and preservation of forest ecosystems, women’s roles continue to be underrecognized and undervalued. Policies and legal frameworks that govern land and forest management, which disregard gender dynamics and fail to adopt a rights-based perspective, risk perpetuating the legal and social marginalization of women. Such gender-blind approaches exclude women from decision-making processes and deny them fair access to the advantages derived from forest and land resources. This paper critically analyes current legal provisions, particularly focusing on India’s Forest Rights Act of 2006, to investigate how existing forest governance structures adversely affect lowincome populations, especially women. It also proposes targeted reforms designed to strengthen gender equity, enhance women's rights, and promote both social justice and ecological integrity within India’s forest management practices.
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    Protection of Women’s Dignity and Development of Laws against Revenge Porn on Women in India: A Comparative Study
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-03) Sharma, Om Prakash; Roy, Lalit Kumar
    Revenge porn, means the unauthorized dissemination of private photographs or videos of a victim in cyberspace, is a newly judicially recognized crime and has an increasing trend in society with the increasing prevalence of technological advancement. This type of non-consensual pornography which is virtual rape, takes place for several reasons, i.e., taking revenge on his ex-partner, sextortion, blackmailing, getting custody of children from a divorced spouse, etc., which causes sexual exploitation, domestic violence, and more. Recent data shows that about 27% of total internet users in between 13-45 age groups were subjected to revenge porn in India. Though cases are being dealt with, with the help of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and Information Technology Act, 2000 but till now, there are no explicit provisions dealing with this crime where victims can avail themselves of the relief effectively and without any hesitation. Today, no one can think of a life without the use of the Internet, but protecting women's rights is also a significant concern. Using a comparative analysis, the authors of this research paper will attempt to understand the rising concerns of revenge porn and its development and will try to present a solution to the problem.
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    Women’s Right to Property: An Enigmatic Cauldron of Growing Landlessness of Women across the Globe
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-03) Patil, Aishwarya; Kumar, D. Ganesh
    There is a rise in the participation of women in practically every economic area. The number of women who are leading houses and participating in the world's workforce formally is growing at an alarming rate. In spite of these tendencies, the percentage of land that is legally owned by women is a much lower percentage than that of males across the globe, and women are routinely denied the opportunity to ownership. There are a number of social, cultural, historical, political, and legal variables that contribute to the lack of property and inheritance rights that women have, and the precise patterns of ownership and disenfranchisement may vary greatly from place to place. If a woman does not have a formal title to land or property, for example, it is very difficult for her to acquire a loan or line of credit since she has no security to put up against the debt. This further results in women’s lower status and higher rates of poverty compared to men. This raises many inquiries such as 1. To what extent do women own property globally? 2. In what ways do societal and cultural norms prevent women from gaining access to, controlling, and owning land? 3. What legal, social, and political obstacles prevent women from acquiring, using, and/or reselling land? Therefore, the need of the hour is not just enacting strict laws and regulations but also making sure that these laws and regulations are put into force properly in order to increase women’s access to owning land. This article traces the intellectual waves and political and social factors that formed the difficult disputes over the basic right to property in India, the US, the UK, Islamic countries like Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and several African countries and further discusses the barriers faced by women across the globe to in order to have access to the right to property and finally recommend a way forward.
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    Women Participation in Police Force: A Study of Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal
    (University of North Bengal, 2024-03) Chakraborty, Ananya; Banerjee, Mrinalini
    Ensuring the participation of women in the formal sector is still an uphill task. The challenge is greater when talking about recruiting more women to the police force. The challenges are undoubtedly located in the way police forces are perceived by the masses, as well as the lack of awareness of the employability factors involved in such a job. In June 2021, the Ministry of Home Affairs sent a letter to the DGP’s of all States and Union Territories reiterating one of the directions/suggestions by the “230th Report of Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs”. It even spoke of holding special recruitment drives to increase the number of women in the police force to at least to 33%. Since then more than a year has passed. The paper will give a general overview of the requirement to have more women in the police force. Thereafter it will focus on the significant international and domestic legal interventions to ensure more participation of women. The paper will then focus on only three states in eastern India, to see how far they have been able to ensure/ encourage the representation of women in the police force. The paper will basically argue that apart from the government directives, it is essential to create awareness among the youth and encourage more women to join the police forces. The paper will then conclude with suggestions specifically to ensure involvement of women in the police force.
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    Shades of South Asian Women in Rasheed Jahan’s Writings: Navigating Patriarchies, Spaces, Regime Control, and Colonialism
    (University of North Bengal, 2022-12) Chakraborty, Anup Shekhar; Biswas, Praggnaparamita
    Women in South Asia had a different colonial experience compared to that of men. Colonialism liberated indigenous women from traditionally restrictive practices, expanding their mobility opportunities. It also introduced indigenous women to newer forms of colonial patriarchy and sometimes resurrected older forms of masculine privilege. Women attempted to overcome obstacles to education and healthcare, forced marriages, and restrictions on their freedom of movement. A group of women actively participated in the nationalist movement and advocated for women’s rights. Writing allowed colonised women in South Asia to convey their thoughts and experiences and to challenge the oppressive structures that confined them, ultimately leading to women’s liberation. By drawing attention to the intersectionality of gender, religion, and culture, women writers in South Asia, particularly the Islamic women writers have contributed significantly to the feminist movement. These writings have given Muslim women in the region a voice and have challenged patriarchal norms and stereotypes. The writings of Rasheed Jahan, Ismat Chughtai, and Qurratulain Hyder continue to serve as a source of inspiration and motivation for future generations of women. The present study delves into the literary works of Rasheed Jahan, with a focus on the portrayal of South Asian women and their experiences in overcoming various forms of patriarchal oppression, their navigation through regimes and their mechanisms of control, their struggle for establishment of identities in diverse social settings, resisting authoritarian regimes, and recovering from the aftermath of colonialism while carving out spaces for their survival.