NBU Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 12

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4543

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    Bisphenol A toxicity in aquatic flora: Impacts and possible remediation
    (University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Sarkar, Ashis; Roy, Swarnendu
    Bisphenol A (BPA), is one of the high volume produced chemical which is extensively used as raw material for polycarbonate and epoxy resin manufacturing. Being one of major used and disposed material from a wide source, traces of BPA have been diagnosed from everywhere. BPA has been identified as an endocrine disruptor compound (EDC) for most of animals, due to structural similarity with hormones, and hinders many physiological functions. This review work focuses on the status of BPA in water bodies of different parts of the world. The review also focuses on the impact of BPA on aquatic plants and its possible remediation. Sub-standardly imposed policies by several countries and failure of water resource governance are rapidly leading towards incautious release of plastics and other BPA associated waste products in environments. BPA pollution affects humans, animals and even plants. Among the aquatic flora, most affected plant groups are the algal groups and macrophytes. At lower BPA concentration, many beneficial bacterial strains also show sensitivity whereas some other strains are known to metabolize or remove BPA from the water bodies. In this connection, several aquatic macrophytes have also been reported to contribute in the removal of BPA from the aquatic ecosystem.
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    Copper toxicity in plants: a review and a case study on tea
    (University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Saha, Dipanwita; Mandal, Sima; Saha, Aniruddha
    Copper in trace amounts is essential for various metabolic processes in the plant such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate distribution, and protein metabolism but at high concentration it causes physiological stress through generation of free radicals that induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions. Copper-induced generation of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, or other reactive oxygen species has been directly correlated with the damage to protein and lipids that may lead to reduced growth and even death. Tea (Camellia sinensis L. (O.) Kuntze) is an economically important plantation crop in India with round the year productivity. Copper based fungicides are cheap and effective in controlling fungal diseases and are used consistently throughout the year to combat different fungal diseases that pose a major threat to tea production. Excess Cu2+ has been found to alter several physiochemical parameters in the tea plants. A more detailed study on mechanisms of Cu2+ toxicity at the gene level is warranted.
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    Rice Germplasm: Source of Iron and Zinc for Nutritional Security
    (University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Roy, Subhas Chandra
    Rice is the most important food crop, more than half (½) of the world’s population depends on it for their sustainable livelihood. Population growth is increasing day by day and it will reach more than > 9 billion by 2050, and to feed the overpopulation we need to produce nearly double amount of food grains to fulfil the demand. It was projected that Global rice yields and consumption rate will rise by 12% and 13% respectively by the year 2027 (FAO 2018). The Green Revolution has played a prime role in the 1960s -1970s to increase agricultural productivity worldwide to make many countries in food self-sufficiency leading to food secured world. The present situation is posing serious challenge for global food security in coming decades due to climate change, limited availability of arable land and water, more over other natural resources are continued to exhaustion. Rice is consumed as sole source of energy mainly in South and Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America which causes micronutrients deficiency leading to chronic malnutrition. Malnutrition due to inadequate intake of micronutrients mostly iron and zinc can lead to ‘Hidden Hunger’, which is responsible for many diseases. Important micronutrients Fe and Zn deficiencies in rice promoting the hidden hunger and causes anemia, stunted growth, poor cognitive development for iron deficiency and for zinc deficiency that causes reduced immunity, diarrhea, lesions on skin, mental lethargy. Approximately 2 billion people are suffering from malnutrition deficiencies for iron and zinc. Micronutrient elements Fe and Zn are available in various local rice varieties which ranged from 6.3-24.4 mg/kg Fe and 13.53- 58.4 mg/kg Zn. Biofortification of rice can assist to alleviate malnutrition associated diseases among the poor people those who are depended on rice as staple food for 40-70% daily caloric intake. Nutritional studies recommended that 24–28 mg/ kg Zn and 13 mg/ kg Fe concentration in polished grain is vital to attain the 30% of human estimated average requirement. Biofortification of cereal foods through conventional breeding can be a good opportunity to improve micronutrient deficiency in the diets. Wild rice accessions (Oryza rufipogon, O.nivara, O. latifolia and O. officinalis) may be used to improve the mineral nutrition in rice grain through breeding and conserve as important resources.
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    Survey and documentation of the Weed Flora in NBU Garden of Medicinal Plants
    (University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Mallick, Debanshu; Paul, Payel; Mondal, Sujit; Pal, Aaratrik; Dasgupta, Subhajit; Chowdhury, Monoranjan
    Weeds are the plants with generally undesirable properties. They spread rapidly and competitively. When it grows in garden it reduces air flow in garden, keeping plants wetter and more prone to pathogens. They are unattractive and can cause health problems such as Hay fever, skin rashes, etc. It also affects quality of product and income of grower. Traditionally, weed control in India has been largely dependent on manual weeding. Understand weed ecology, biology and using information technology should be part of developing and disseminating effective, economical and ecologically advantageous in India. Some weeds release nitrogen from root nodules into soil which automatically add fertilizer into the soil. A survey was conducted in NBU Garden of Medicinal Plants in West Bengal to identify most common and prevalent weeds associated with medicinal plants. A total of 86 different weed species belong to 25 families were identified of which 53 annual and 32 perennial. Among the most abundant weed species are Axonopus compressus, Eleusine indica, Cyperus rotandus, Cyperus haspan, Kylinga brevifolia, Melastoma malabathricum, Osbeckia nepalensis, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Persicaria orientalis.
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    Taxonomic Investigation of Some Members of Fabaceae (Subfamily- Caesalpinioidae) With Special Reference to Pollen Morphology
    (University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Mondal, Swarnaditya; Roy, Biswajit; Bhandari, Jnan Bikash
    Palynology, the study of pollen, had a big role in taxonomic identification, paleontology and forensics. Pollens from different plants had different morphology, such as in Fabaceae. This study aimed to determine the pollen grains morphology in Fabaceae (Subfamily Caesalpinioidae). Pollen morphology of 19 plant species under 7 genera Fabaceae (Subfamily Caesalpinioidae) were examined. Fresh pollen samples were collected from 4 plant species from the North 24 Pgns, 2 plant species from South 24 Pgns, 8 plant species from Kolkata, 2 plant species from Nadia and 3 plant species from Howrah. Pollens were acetolysed following standard method and observed under Compound microscope. Pollen shapes were recorded based on the P/E ratio. In general, all these pollens were small, medium and large size. Parameters measured in this study were the types of pollen sizes, pollen shape, aperture characteristic, and ornamentation type of exine and the most common aperture type was tricolporate. The most important characters included exine ornamentation (exine ornamentation type) and Apocolpium Index.
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    Understanding the functional attributes of different microbial enzymes in bioremediation
    (University of North Bengal, 2020-03) Malakar, Neha; Mitra, Sreya; Toppo, Prabha; Mathur, Piyush
    Bioremediation uses biological organisms and their metabolic processes in order to degrade contaminants present in water, soil etc. Microbes have the vast potential are the major resource for bioprocess of using microbial enzymes reduces the toxicity of pollutants caused by the waste materials like pesticides, insecticides, plastics, other hydrocarbon-containing substances and obtain novel useful substances for mankind and the environment. Enzymes produced by bacteria, fungi, plants play a key role in the biodegradation of toxic organic compounds. The purpose of bioremediation processes that will an eco-friendly and cost-effective mechanism. The aim is to develop an advanced technique in bioprocesses that will help to minimize toxin risk and thereby acquire new, usable substances. Some of the bioremediation-related compounds like oxidoreductases hydrolases, dioxygenase, peroxidases, and laccase are most widely considered. The aim of the review is to express the role of microbial enzymes on the bioremediation of toxic, hazardous environmental pollutants.